Chapter 5 vocabulary/human family tree Flashcards
Mitochondria
the material lineage (mom)
Genetic Drift
the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance
Copolite
Fossiled Poo: perfect Human sample
Y-Chromosome
the potential linkage
Directional Selection
A mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction.
Bottleneck Effect
An extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced
Founder Effect
Where a few individuals from a parental population colonize new habitats, resulting in a new distinctive genetic makeup with less variation than the larger population. Lacks genetic variation.
Arabian Peninsula
the original homeland of the Arab People
Disruptive Selection
a specific type of natural selection that actively selects against the intermediate in a population favoring both extremes of the spectrum
Taboo People
the were the 1st in habitations in the Sahara Desert
San Bushmen
Oldest group of humans still intact
Hadzabe Bushmen
One of the last remaining hunter-gatherer tribes on earth. Known for shunning material possessions and social hierarchy, the Hadza roam as needed to find game, timers, and wild berries.
Rock of Jibralter
this is believed to be the location where the Neandermal made their last stand.
Vitiman - D Production
Some ethnicities are better at producing Vitamin D than others
Hardy Weinberg Theorem
States that the mixing of alleles at meiosis and their subsequent recombination do not alter the relative frequencies of the alleles in future generations, if certain assumptions are met
5,000
languages
Reproductive Isolation
the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences
Allopatric Speciation
speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated due to geographical changes such as mountain building or social changes such as emigration.
Phyletic Gradualism
A model of evolution when theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform, and gradual
Neutral Evolution
the most of the genetic variation in populations the result of mutation and genetic drift
balanced Polymorphism
A situation in which two different versions of a gene are maintained versions of a gene are maintained in a population of organisms because individuals carrying both versions are better able to survive than those who have two copies of the other version alone.
Gene Flow
changes in relative allelic frequency from the migration of individuals
Punctuated Equilibrium Model
a theory that states that evolution occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation followed by lengthy periods of status or equilibrium
Population Genetics
a field of biology that studies the genetic composition of biological populations
Gene Pool
the sum of all the alleles for all traits in a sexually reproducing population is a pool of hereditary resources for the entire population.
Epicalthel Fold
a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the corner of the eye.
Sympatric Speciation
occurs within a single pop.; involves the splitting of ancestral species into 2 or more reproductively isolated groups without geographical isolation of those groups.
Parapatric Speciation
there is no specific extrinsic barrier to gene flow
