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DE Anatomy Test 2 > Chapter 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of embryo and work together to perform specific functions

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2
Q

Matrix

A

Surrounds cell

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3
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Clear gel in matrix

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4
Q

Primary germ layers

A

Give rise to all body’s mature tissues

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5
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer layer that gives rise to the epidermis and the nervous system

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6
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer that gives rise to the mucous membranes of digestive and respiratory tracts and to digestive glands

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7
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer made of more loosely organized cells

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8
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Gelatinous tissue composed of fine, wispy collagen fibers and branching mesenchymal cells embedded in a gelatinous ground substance

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9
Q

Histological sections

A

Thin slices of tissue that are artificially colored it to bring out detail

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10
Q

Fixative

A

Chemical that prevents decay

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11
Q

Stain

A

Artificial coloring to enhance detail

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12
Q

Longitudinal section

A

Tissue cut in long direction

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13
Q

Cross section

A

Horizontal cut

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14
Q

Oblique section

A

Section cut between longitudinal and cross section

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15
Q

Smear

A

Tissue is rubbed or spread across slide rather than sliced

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16
Q

Spread

A

Tissue is laid out on slide

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17
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Consists of sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with upper surface usually exposed to environment or to an internal space on body

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18
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A 
Protection
Secretion
Excretion
Absorption
Filtration
Sensation
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19
Q

Basement membrane

A

Later between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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20
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Only one layer of cells

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21
Q

Simple squamous

A

Thin

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22
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Square

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23
Q

Simple columnar

A

Tall narrow

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24
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

Not all cells reach free surface

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25
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce protective mucous coverings over mucous membrames

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26
Q

Stratified epithelia

A

Range from 2-20 or more layers of cells, with some cells resting directly on others and only deepest layer attached to basement layer

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27
Q

Exfoliation

A

Cells separation from surface

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28
Q

Keratinized

A

Found in epidermis and is covered with layer of compact, dead squamous cells

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29
Q

Nonkeratinized

A

Lacks surface layer of dead cells

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30
Q

Connective tissues

A

Most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of primary tissues

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31
Q

Connective tissue functions

A 
Binding of organs
Support
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat production
Transport
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32
Q

Fibrous tissue cells

A 
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Plasma cells
Mast cells
Adipocytes
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33
Q

Connective tissue protein fibers

A

Collagenous fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

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34
Q

Ground substance

A

Empty space

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35
Q

Glycosaminoglycan

A

Long polysaccharide composed of unusual disaccharides called amino sugars and uronic acid

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36
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

Most abundant glycosaminoglycan

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37
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Shaped like bottlebrush with central core of protein and bristle like outgrowths composed of glycosaminoglycans

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38
Q

Adhesive glycoproteins

A

Protein-carbohydrate complexes that bind plasma membrane proteins to collagen and proteoglycans outside cell

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39
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Much of space is occupied by ground substance, which is dissolved out of tissue during histological fixation and leaves empty space in prepared tissue sections

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40
Q

Sense connective tissue

A

Fiber occupies more space than cells and ground substance and appears closely packed in tissue section

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41
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Exhibits loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and lot of seemingly empty space

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42
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

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43
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers are closely packed and are parallel to each other

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44
Q

Elastic tissue

A

Exhibits branching elastic fibers and more fibroblasts

45
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Collagen bundles Ron in seemingly random directions

46
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat

47
Q

White fat

A

More abundant and is only significant adipose tissue of adult body

48
Q

Brown fat

A

Found in fetuses, infants, and children

49
Q

Cartilage

A

Relatively stiff connective tissue with flexible robbery matrix

50
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cartilage-producing cells

51
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

52
Q

Lacunae

A

Little cavities

53
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells enclosed in lacunae

54
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Clear, glassy microscopic appearance from usually invisible fineness of its collagen fibers

55
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Conspicuous elastic fibers

56
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen

57
Q

Perichondrium

A

Sheath of dense irregular connective tissue

58
Q

Bone

A

Hard, calcified connective tissue that composes skeleton

59
Q

Spongy none

A

Fills heads of long bones and forms middle layer of flat bones such as sternum and cranial bones

60
Q

Compact bone

A

Denser calcified tissue with no spaces visible to naked eye

61
Q

Central canals

A

Cylinders of tissue that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones such as femur

62
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Onionlike layers around each central canal

63
Q

Osteon

A

Central canal and its surrounding lamellae

64
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

65
Q

Canaliculi

A

Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow osteocytes to contact each other

66
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough fibrous material that covers whole bone

67
Q

Blood

A

Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular blood vessels

68
Q

Blood plasma

A

Ground substance of blood

69
Q

Formed elements

A

Cellular components of blood

70
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

71
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

72
Q

Platelets

A

Small cell fragments scattered amid blood cells

73
Q

Membrane potential

A

Electrical charge difference

74
Q

Excitable tissue

A

Nervous and muscular tissues

75
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Specialized for communication by means of electrical and chemical signals

76
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

77
Q

Neuralgia

A

Protect and assist neurons

78
Q

Neurosoma

A

Cell body that houses nucleus and most other organelles

79
Q

Dendrites

A

Multiple short, branched processes which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to neurosoma

80
Q

Axon

A

Nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells

81
Q

Lacunae

A

Little cavities

82
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells enclosed in lacunae

83
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Clear, glassy microscopic appearance from usually invisible fineness of its collagen fibers

84
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Conspicuous elastic fibers

85
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen

86
Q

Perichondrium

A

Sheath of dense irregular connective tissue

87
Q

Bone

A

Hard, calcified connective tissue that composes skeleton

88
Q

Spongy none

A

Fills heads of long bones and forms middle layer of flat bones such as sternum and cranial bones

89
Q

Compact bone

A

Denser calcified tissue with no spaces visible to naked eye

90
Q

Central canals

A

Cylinders of tissue that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones such as femur

91
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Onionlike layers around each central canal

92
Q

Osteon

A

Central canal and its surrounding lamellae

93
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

94
Q

Canaliculi

A

Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow osteocytes to contact each other

95
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough fibrous material that covers whole bone

96
Q

Blood

A

Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular blood vessels

97
Q

Blood plasma

A

Ground substance of blood

98
Q

Formed elements

A

Cellular components of blood

99
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

100
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

101
Q

Platelets

A

Small cell fragments scattered amid blood cells

102
Q

Membrane potential

A

Electrical charge difference

103
Q

Excitable tissue

A

Nervous and muscular tissues

104
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Specialized for communication by means of electrical and chemical signals

105
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

106
Q

Neuralgia

A

Protect and assist neurons

107
Q

Neurosoma

A

Cell body that houses nucleus and most other organelles

108
Q

Dendrites

A

Multiple short, branched processes which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to neurosoma

109
Q

Axon

A

Nerve fiber that sends outgoing signals to other cells

DE Anatomy Test 2 (3 decks)

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