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Science > Chapter 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heredity

A

Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring

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2
Q

Trait

A

Each different form of characteristic

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3
Q

Genetics

A

Scientific study if heredity

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4
Q

Fertilization

A

When egg and sperm join

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5
Q

Purebred

A

Offspring of many generations that have the same trait

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6
Q

Gene

A

Factors that control a trait

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7
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of gene

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8
Q

Dominant Allele

A

Trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

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9
Q

Hybrid

A

Organism has two different alleles for a trait

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10
Q

Probability

A

Number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur

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11
Q

Punnett Square

A

Chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

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12
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical Appearance

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13
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup or allele combinations

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14
Q

Homozygous

A

Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

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15
Q

Heterozygous

A

Organism that has two different alleles

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16
Q

Codominance

A

Alleles are neither dominant nor recessive; as a result both alleles are expressed in the offspring

17
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Genetic material from two parents combines to produce a new organism

18
Q

Diploid

A

Contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

19
Q

Meiosis

A

The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells: Sperm and Eggs

20
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

21
Q

Transfer RNA

A

Carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein

22
Q

Mutation

A

Cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis

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