Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
Heredity
Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Trait
Each different form of characteristic
Genetics
Scientific study if heredity
Fertilization
When egg and sperm join
Purebred
Offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Gene
Factors that control a trait
Alleles
Different forms of gene
Dominant Allele
Trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Hybrid
Organism has two different alleles for a trait
Probability
Number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur
Punnett Square
Chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Phenotype
Physical Appearance
Genotype
Genetic makeup or allele combinations
Homozygous
Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
Organism that has two different alleles
Codominance
Alleles are neither dominant nor recessive; as a result both alleles are expressed in the offspring
Sexual Reproduction
Genetic material from two parents combines to produce a new organism
Diploid
Contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent
Meiosis
The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells: Sperm and Eggs
Messenger RNA
Copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA
Carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein
Mutation
Cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis
