Chapter 5- Tissues

Question 1

Structural organisation of the body

Answer 1

• organised into 4 levels

- tissues, organs, system, organism

Question 2

Organs

Answer 2

• 3rd level of organisation
• different types of tissues that work together
• made up on two or more tissues
  (The heart is an organ because its made up of muscular tissue and nervous tissue, it is also lined with epithelium tissue)
• skin is an organ

Question 3

The system

Answer 3

• highest level of organisation
• a group of organs that work together for a common purpose
• (the respiratory system involves lungs, diaphragm, muscles, windpipe, larynx and nose)
• .

Question 5

Differentiation

Answer 5

Where a cell divides and the new cells become specialised for particular functions

Question 6

Cells

Answer 6

• cells specialised to carry out functions
• muscle cells shorten in length
• red blood cells transport oxygen
• cells with similar specialisations that carry out a common function are grouped into tissues

Question 6

Tissues

Answer 6

• second structural level
• groups of muscle cells make up muscle tissue
• groups of nerve cells make up nervous tissue
• group of bone cells form bone
• there are four basic types if tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue

Question 7

Epithelial tissue

Answer 7

• covering or lining tissue
• organs like the heart or kidneys are covered with epithelial tissue
• it can also line the inside of organs
• cells that make up epithelial tissue are very closely joined together, they vary in shape from thin to flat column shaped and cubed shape depending on the type of tissue

Question 8

Connective tissue

Answer 8

• provides support for the body and helps hold all the body parts together
• the cells that make up connective tissue are spaced very far apart and are separated by material called matrix
  (Eg: bone, cartilage and tendons
• Blood is also classified as a connective tissue

Question 9

Muscular tissue

Answer 9

• cells are long and thin and are also called muscle fibres
• respond to stimulus by contracting and becoming shorter
• three types of muscular tissue: skeletal muscle, involuntary muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 10

Skeletal muscle

Answer 10

• makes up the muscles that are attached to bone
• you can feel them in arms and legs
• we have voluntary control over these muscles
• also referred as voluntary muscle
• muscle fibres are seen to have striped under microscope
• because of striped they are called striated muscles

Question 11

Involuntary muscle

Answer 11

• we cannot contract voluntarily
• found in the walls of stomach and intestines
• have no striations so can be called smooth muscle

Question 12

Cardiac muscle

Answer 12

• known as the heart muscle
• makes up most of the heart
• cannot be controlled voluntarily
• when muscle contracts it pumps blood

Question 13

Nervous tissue

Answer 13

• made up of specialised nerve cells called neurons
• have long projections from the body of the cell
• when messages are stimulated messages can be carried along from one part of the body to another
• can be found in brain, spinal chord and nerves

Question 14

The organism

Answer 14

• all body systems work together to forma functioning organism
• no system can work in isolation
• some organs are part of more than one system (pancreas is part of digestive and circulatory system)