Chapter 5 Tissues

Question 0

List the four major types of tissues.

Answer 0

The four major types of human tissue are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

Tissues are groups of cells with specialized structural and functional roles.

Question 2

Describe the general function of epithelium.

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue cover organs lines cavities and hollow organs and is the major tissue of glands. Epithelium is anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane lacks blood vessels and consists of tightly packed cells and is replaced continuously. It functions in protection, secretion, absorption and excretion. Epithelial tissues are classified according to cell shape and the number of layers of cells.

Question 3

Describe Simple Squamous epithelium.

Answer 3

This tissue consists of a single layer of thin, flattened cells. It functions in gas exchange in the lungs and lines blood and lymph vessels and various body cavities.

Question 4

Describe the general functions of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 4

This tissue consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. It carries on secretion and absorption in the kidneys and various glands.

Question 5

Describe the general function of simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 5

This tissue is composed of elongated cells with nuclei near the basement membrane. It lines the uterus and digestive tract. Absorbing cells often have microvilli. This tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucus

Question 6

Describe the general functions of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Answer 6

Nuclei located at two or more levels give this tissue a stratified appearance. Cilia that are part of this tissue move mucus over the surface. It lines passageways of the respiratory system.

Question 7

Describe the general functions Stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer 7

This tissue is composed of many layers of cells. It protects underlying cells. It forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal.

Question 8

Describe the general functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 8

This tissue is composed of two or three layers of cube shaped cells. It lines the larger ducks of the mammary glands sweat glands a salivary glands and pancreas. It protects.

Question 9

Describe the general functions of stratified columnar epithelium.

Answer 9

The top layer of cells in this tissue has elongated columns. Cube shaped cells make up the bottom layers. It is in the male urethra and ductus deferens and parts of the pharynx. This tissue protects and secretes.

Question 10

Describe the general functions of transitional epithelium.

Answer 10

This tissue is specialized to become distended. It is in the walls of various organs of the urinary tract.

Question 11

Describe the general functions of glandular epithelial.

Answer 11

Glandular epithelium is composed of cells that are specialized to secrete substances.

Question 12

Distinguish between exocrine glands and endocrine glands.

Answer 12

A gland consists of one or more cells. Exocrine glands secrete into ducts. Endocrine secrete into tissue fluid or blood.

Question 13

Explain how exocrine glands are classified.

Answer 13

Exocrine glands are classified according to the composition of their secretions.

Question 14

Distinguish between a serous cell and a mucus cell.

Answer 14

Serous cells secrete watery fluid with a high enzyme content. Mucous cells secrete mucus

Question 15

What are the general characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 15

Connective tissue connects, support protects provides frameworks fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects against infection, and helps to repair damage tissues. Connective tissue cells usually have considerable extracellular matrix between them. This extracellular matrix consists of fibers, a ground substance and fluid.

Question 16

What are the major types of connective tissue?

Answer 16

1.) Fibroblasts produce collagenous and elastic fibers. 2.) Macrophage are phagocytes. 3.) Mast cells may release heparin and histamine are usually near your blood vessels.

Question 17

What are the major types of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 17

1.) Collagenous fibers are composed of collagen and have great tensile strength. 2.) Elastic fibers are composed of elastin and are very elastic.3.) reticular fibers are very fine collagenous fibers.

Question 18

Categories of connective tissue.

Answer 18

Connective tissue proper include loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Specialized connective tissue includes cartilage, bone and blood.

Question 19

Describe areolar connective tissue.

Answer 19

Areolar tissue forms thin membranes between organs and binds them. It is beneath most layers of epithelium and between muscles.

Question 20

Describe adipose tissue.

Answer 20

It stores fat. It is found the need to scan in certain abdominal membranes and around the kidneys heart and berries joints.

Question 21

Describe reticular connective tissue.

Answer 21

Reticular connected tissue is composed of collagens fibers. It helps provide the framework of the liver and spleen.

Question 22

Describe the general characteristics of dense connective tissue.

Answer 22

This tissue is largely composed of strong collagenous fibers. It is found in the tendons, ligaments, white portions of the eyes and the deeper skin layers.

Question 23

Describe the characteristics of cartilage.

Answer 23

Cartilage provides a supportive framework for various structures. It’s extracellular matrix is composed of fibers and Gel like ground substance. Cartilaginous structures are enclosed in a perichondrium. Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply and is slow to heal. Major types are hyaline, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.

Question 24

What are the general characteristics of bone?

Answer 24

The extracellular matrix of bone contains mineral salts and collagen. It’s cells are usually organized in concentric circles around central canals. Canaliculi connect them. Bone is a active tissue that heals rapidly.

Question 25

What are the general characteristics of blood?

Answer 25

Blood transports substances and helps maintain an stable internal environment. What is composed of red blood cells white blood cells and platelets suspended and plasma. Blood cells develop in red marrow in the hollow part of long bones.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of collagen and elastin?

Answer 26

Collagen and elastin are both proteins that form fibers and help make up the bodies connective tissue. Collagen is what gives connected tissue its strength and flexibility. Elastin is a protein with a elastic quality. It returns to its original shape after being stretched.

Question 27

Explain the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Answer 27

Loose connective tissue lack collagenous fibers.

Question 28

Explain why injured bone heals more rapidly than injured cartilage.

Answer 28

The lack of a direct blood supply to cartilage tissue is why torn cartilage heals slowly.

Question 29

What are the major components of blood?

Answer 29

Red cells white cells platelets and plasma.

Question 30

What are the four types of membranes and explain how they differ?

Answer 30

Serous membranes composed of epithelium and loose connective tissue are membranes that line body cavities lacking openings to the outside. The cells of a serous membrane secrete serous fluid to lubricate membrane surfaces. Mucous membranes composed of epithelium and lose connective tissue, are membranes that line body cavities opening to the outside. Goblet cells within these membranes secrete mucus. The cutaneous membrane is the external body covering commonly called skin. Synovial membranes, composed entirely of connective tissues line joints.

Question 31

List the general characteristics of muscle tissues.

Answer 31

Muscle tissues contract, moving structures that are attached to them. The three types are skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle tissues.

Question 32

Distinguish among skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle tissues.

Answer 32

Skeletal muscles containing this tissue usually are attached to bones and are controlled by conscious effort. Cells or muscle fibers are long and thread like. Muscle cells contract when stimulated by nerve cell and then relax with stimulation stops. Smooth muscle tissue is in the walls of hollow internal organs. Usually it is involuntarily controlled. Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the heart. Cells are joined by intercalated discs form branched networks.

Question 33

Describe the general characteristics of nervous tissues.

Answer 33

Nervous tissue are found in the brain and spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Nerve cells or neurons sense changes and respond by transmitting nerve impulses to other neurons or two muscles or glands. They coordinate regulate and integrate body activities.

Question 34

Describe the general functions of neuroglial.

Answer 34

Some of these cells of bind and support nervous tissue. Others carry on phagocytosis. Still others connect neurons to blood vessels. They also play a role in cell to cell communication.

Question 35

Distinguish between neurons and neuroglial.

Answer 35

Neurons are conducting cells in the nervous system and neuroglial cells are helper cells to the neurons.