Chapter 5: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards
What does experimental research examine, and where is it generally performed?
Experimental research examines the cause-and-effect relationships between variables under highly controlled conditions. Experimental research studies often occur in a laboratory setting.
In evidence-based practice, what do the letters PICO stand for?
P: population of interest
I: intervention
C: comparison of interest
O: outcome
What does descriptive research explore and why?
Descriptive research explores and describes events in a real-life situation to identify relationships between and among events.
What does correlational research examine?
Correlational research examines the type and degree of relationship between two or more variables.
What does Quasi-experimental research examine, and where does it generally take place?
Quasi-experimental research examines the cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables and is typically situated outside of the laboratory setting.
Where is the abstract of a peer-reviewed article located and what is its purpose?
The abstract is located at the beginning of the article, and it summarizes the entire article and usually provides the purpose of the study, a description of the subjects, data collection and data analysis, and a summary of important findings.
Where is the review of literature found in a peer-reviewed article and what is its purpose?
The review of literature discusses relevant studies that have been conducted in the area of the study, and is found an introduction.
What is contained within the results section of a peer-reviewed article, and how is it presented?
The results of the findings of the study and often presented in both words and charts, tables, or graphs.
What is the conclusion in a peer-reviewed article, and what is its purpose?
The conclusions are the discussions of the results and suggestions for further study.
Are basic and applied research quantitative or qualitative?
Quantitative
What type of research method would a researcher used to study the perceptions of a group of individuals?
Qualitative research methods
What is the purpose of qualitative research?
Qualitative research methods investigate perceptions, where the researcher will analyze words instead of numbers.
What does General Systems theory describe?
General systems theory describes how to break things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in systems.
What does nursing theory attempt?
Nursing theory attempts to describe, explain, predict, and control desired outcomes of nursing care practices.
What does adaptation theory define?
Adaptation very defined adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things into environmental conditions.
What does developmental theory outline?
Developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable.
Which four concepts are common to all theories of nursing?
1: The client
2: The environment
3: Health
4: Nursing
Which principle underlies the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?
Patients must grant informed consent if they are to participate.
Which are more ethical: descriptive studies or experimental studies?
Ethical standards are applicable and achievable in every type of research, and descriptive studies are not necessarily more ethical than experiments.
Must patients directly and personally benefit from participating in research in a hospital setting?
The risks and benefits of research are considered carefully and light of ethical principles, but this does NOT necessarily mean that every participant in a study stands to benefit from it.
What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the patient’s understanding of the potential risks and benefits of a study?
Going through the informed consent process with the patient.
What is informed consent and what does it involve?
Informed consent is a process in which the details of a study and the patients rights are examined and discussed in detail. This goes beyond simply obtaining the patient signature or allowing him to ask questions.
What is a hypothesis?
I hypothesis is an expected statement of the relationship between variables in a study.
What is the methodology of a study?
The methodology of the study is the logistical framework that guides the planning and execution of the study.
