Chapter 5 the inside of the cell

Question 1

What are the implications of cell theory?

Answer 1

1. Functions of all cells are similar.
2. Life is continuous.
3. Origin of life was the origin of cells.

Question 2

Why are cells small?

Answer 2

Cells are usually small because a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is essential for many cell functions.

Question 3

Magnification…

Answer 3

Ratio of an objects image size to its real size.

Question 4

Resolution…

Answer 4

Measure of the clarity of image, or the minimum distance of two distinguishable points.

Question 5

Contrast…

Answer 5

Differences in intensity between two objects or between an object and its background. Staining increases contrast.

Question 6

Light Microscope:

Answer 6

Glass lenses and light

Resolution Limit= 0.2 micrometers

Question 7

Electron microscopes:

Answer 7

Electromagnets focus an electron beam.

Resolution Limit= 0.2 nm

Question 8

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Answer 8

Sees the guts of the cell

Question 9

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Answer 9

Only shows the outside of the cell.

Question 10

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 10

The outer boundary of every cell and has similar structure in all cells.

Question 11

Two types of cells:

Answer 11

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Question 12

What does the nucleoid do in a prokaryote cell?

Answer 12

The nucleoid is where the DNA is located in the cell.

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

sites of protein synthesis

Question 14

Cytoplasm:

Answer 14

The space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Question 15

Cytosol:

Answer 15

jelly like fluid of the cell

Question 16

What does the nucleus do in eukaryote cell?

Answer 16

Contains most of the DNA.

Site of DNA replication.

Site where gene transcription is turned on and off.

Question 17

DNA combines with proteins to form what?

Answer 17

Chromatin in long thin, threads called chromosomes.