Chapter 5: The Human Tissues

Question 1

Four Broad Categories of Tissues

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types

Question 3

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 3

the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

a group of similar cells and cell products working together to perform a specific role in an organ

Question 5

The four primary tissues (epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular) differ from each other in

Answer 5

Types of functions of their cells

Question 6

Three primary germ layers:

Answer 6

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

Question 7

Ectoderm

Answer 7

gives rise to epidermis and nervous system

Question 8

Mesoderm

Answer 8

giver rise to cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 9

Histological Sections

Answer 9

• tissue sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick
• fixative prevents decay (formalin)
• stains color the tissue

Question 10

Longitudinal Section (l.s.)

Answer 10

tissue cut on its long axis

Question 11

Cross Section/Transverse Section (c.s./t.s.)

Answer 11

tissue cut perpendicular to long axis of organ

Question 12

Smear

Answer 12

• tissue is rubbed or spread across a slide
• ex.) blood and soft tissues like the spinal cord

Question 13

Spread

Answer 13

tissues are laid out on a slide

Question 14

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 14

• sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with upper surface exposed to environment or internal space
  -c overs body surfaces and lines body cavities
• constitutes most glands
• avascular

Question 15

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Answer 15

Protection, Secretion, Excretion, Absorption, Filtration, Sensation

Question 16

General Structure of Epithelia

Answer 16

• avascular
• high rate of mitosis in cells near connective tissue
• rest on basement membrane (collagen glycoproteins, other protein)

Question 17

Epithelia classified by number of cell layers

Answer 17

• simple epithelia have each cell anchored to basement membrane
• stratified epithelia have cells on top of others, so not all contact the basement membrane

Question 18

Simple epithelium has a single layer of cells

Answer 18

• simple squamous
• simple cuboidal
• simple columnar
• (fourth type, pseudostratified columnar)

Question 19

Goblet Cells

Answer 19

wineglass-shaped mucus-secreting cells

Question 20

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 20

• single row of thin cells
• permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
• located in alveoli, glomeruli

Question 21

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 21

located in liver, thyroid, and kidney tubules

Question 22

Single Columnar Epithelium

Answer 22

• brush border of microvilli
• located in lining of GI tract