Chapter 5 Test Questions Flashcards
The layer of tissue that lines the inside of the chest cavity is called the:
A. Visceral pleura
B. Pulmonary pleura
C. Parietal pleura
D. Thoracic pleura
C. Parietal pleura
The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses. This process is called:
A. Automaticity
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Dromotropy
A. Automaticity
The normal pH of the human body ranges from:
A. 7.25 - 7.30
B. 7.35 - 7.45
C. 7.50 - 7.55
D. 7.60 - 7.75
B. 7.35 - 7.45
The heart’s primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium is the:
A. AV node.
B. SA node.
C. AV junction.
D. Bundle of His.
B. SA node
Insulin and glucagon are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the:
A. Adrenal islets.
B. Islets of Langerhans.
C. Medullary cortex.
D. Adrenal medulla.
B. Islets of Langerhans.
Following a head injury, a patient complains of double vision. This suggests injury to the:
A. Temporal lobe.
B. Frontal lobe.
C. Occipital lobe.
D. Parietal lobe.
C. Occipital lobe.
During your assessment of a patient, you note that he is bradycardia, hypotensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest:
A. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
B. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.
C. Sympathetic nervous system depression.
D. Parasympathetic nervous system depression.
B. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.
During an allergic reaction, basophils release histamines and heparin. What respective roles do these chemicals play?
A. Reduce inflammation and facilitate blood clotting.
B. Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
C. Reduce inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
D. Reduce tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
B. Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
The diencephalon, a major region of the brain, contains which of the following structures?
A. Pons and medulla.
B. Cerebellum and pons.
C. Medulla and thalamus.
D. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
D. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:
A. Remains in the lungs following expiration.
B. Is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.
C. Is moved in or out of the lungs following maximal expiration.
D. Is exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation.
B. Is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.
The substance epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for:
A. Alpha and beta receptors.
B. Alpha-1 receptors only.
C. Beta-1 receptors only
D. Alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors.
A. Alpha and beta receptors.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it:
A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it.
B. Will allow any substance to readily pass through it.
C. Only allows potassium and calcium to pass through it.
D. Only allows sodium and chloride to pass through it.
A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it.
Which of the following organs/structures lie in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen?
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Kidneys
D. Superior vena cava
C. Kidneys
Cardiac output is equal to:
A. Systole minus diastole.
B. Blood pressure multiplied by heart rate.
C. Heart rate minus systolic blood pressure.
D. Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
D. Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
A buffer is a substance that can absorb or donate:
A. Water
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Hydrogen ions.
D. Hydrogen ions.
Nonfunctional erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen by cells called:
A. Phagocytes
B. Leukophages
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes
C. Macrophages
The primary waste product of metabolism is:
A. Glucose
B. Lactic acid
C. Glycogen
D. Carbon dioxide.
D. Carbon dioxide.
The term anemia is defined as:
A. Excessive red blood cells.
B. Deficiency of white blood cells.
C. Excessive white blood cells.
D. Deficiency of red blood cells.
D. Deficiency of red blood cells.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a major female hormone that:
A. Thickens the endometrium in preparation for implantation of an egg.
B. Is manufactured by the developing embryo to sustain the pregnancy.
C. Is produced by the corpus luteum in preparation for pregnancy.
D. Regulates the release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries.
B. Is manufactured by the developing embryo to sustain the pregnancy.
The pulmonary circulation is responsible for:
A. Sending deoxygenated blood to the atria.
B. Perfusing the vital organs of the body.
C. Ensuring that blood gets reoxygenated.
D. Filtering the blood of toxic chemicals.
C. Ensuring that blood gets reoxygenated.
Which of the following is not a peripheral pulse in the adult?
A. Popliteal
B. Brachial
C. Radial
D. Femoral
D. Femoral
Molecules that bind to a cell’s receptor and trigger a response by that cell are called:
A. Steroids
B. Agonists
C. Hormones
D. Antagonists
B. Agonists
All of the following are facial bones, except the:
A. Maxilla
B. Parietal
C. Palatine
D. Lacrimal
B. Parietal
The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) is responsible for:
A. Vision
B. Sight
C. Smell
D. Hearing
C. Smell
The thyroid gland is responsible for the:
A. Release of TSH.
B. Breakdown of glycogen.
C. Production of glucose.
D. Metabolic rate.
D. Metabolic rate.
All of the following are formed components of the blood, except:
A. Plasma
B. Platelets
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells
A. Plasma
What happens when the PaCO2 of the arterial blood increases?
A. pH increases and ventilations increase.
B. pH decreases and ventilations decrease.
C. pH increases and ventilations decrease.
D. pH decreases and ventilations increase.
D. pH decreases and ventilations increase.
The study of the body functions in a diseased state is called:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Pathophysiology
D. Pathophysiology
Which of the following substances are vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B. Aldosterone and dopamine
C. Cortisol and epinephrine
D. Aldosterone and cortisol
A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the stomach is the:
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ilium
D. Ileum
A. Duodenum
The movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called:
A. Osmosis
B. Crenation
C. Diffusion
D. Passive transport.
A. Osmosis
The adrenal cortex, a portion of the adrenal gland, produces:
A. Corticosteroids
B. Epinephrine
D. Norepinephrine
A. Corticosteroids
Which portion of the spinal column articulates with the pelvis?
A. Thoracic
B. Sacral
C. Lumbar
D. Coccyx
B. Sacral
Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of all body fluid?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
C. 25%
Increased myocardial contractility secondary to stretching of the myocardial walls is called the:
A. Ernest-Henry effect
B. Frank-Starling effect
C. Beck-Cushing’s reflex
D. Frank-Beck mechanism
B. Frank-Starling effect
A patient is placed in a Fowler’s position. In this position, the body is:
A. Positioned face-up.
B. In a semireclining position.
C. Supine with the legs elevated.
D. On its side with the head elevated.
B. In a semireclining position.
Topographic ally, the term distal means:
A. Near the trunk.
B. Near a point of reference.
C. Away from the trunk.
D. Toward the body’s midline.
C. Away from the trunk.
To prevent the tissues from becoming edematous, the ___ system must absorb excess fluid and return it to the central venous circulation.
A. Lymphatic
B. Endocrine
C. Hematologic
D. Cardiovascular
A. Lymphatic
The most inferior portion of the heart is called the:
A. Base
B. Apex
C. Volar
D. Dorsum
B. Apex
The total body water of an average adult is approximately:
A. 45%
B. 60%
C. 75%
D. 80%
B. 60%
If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Crenation
C. Lysis
D. Viscosity
C. Lysis
The shaft of a bone is called the:
A. Diaphysis
B. Metaphysis
C. Epiphysis
D. Growth plate
A. Diaphysis
Atonal respirations can be described as:
A. Occasional gasping breaths.
B. Rapid irregular breaths.
C. Slow deep breaths
D. Slow irregular breaths.
A. Occasional gasping breaths.
An elderly woman slipped on a throw rug and fractured her hip. This type of fracture could involve any of the following bony structures, except the:
A. Iliac crest.
B. Femoral head.
C. Femoral neck.
D. Trochanter.
A. Iliac crest.
Which of the following statements regarding type O blood is correct?
A. It contains no surface antigens.
B. It contains type A surface antigens.
C. It contains type B surface antigens.
D. It contains both type A and B surface antigens.
A. It contains no surface antigens.
The most common solvent in the body, in which salutes or other substances will dissolve, is:
A. Blood
B. Water
C. Plasma
D. Bile
B. Water
Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the:
A. Pulmonary veins
B. Pulmonary arteries
C. Superior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
A. Pulmonary veins
The two major veins that drain the head and neck of blood are the:
A. Vertebral veins
B. Jugular veins
C. Cerebral veins
D. Cephalic veins
B. Jugular veins
A patient was struck in the right lower anterior chest with a baseball bat. In addition to fractured ribs, you should be suspicious of injury to the:
A. Spleen
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
B. Liver
Which of the following describes the Trendelenburg’s position?
A. The body is supine on an incline with the feet higher than the head.
B. The head is elevated at a 45 degree angle and the legs are elevated 8”.
C. The body is supine with both the head and the legs elevated.
D. The body is turned onto the left side with the head elevated 6”.
A. The body is supine on an incline with the feet higher than the head.
The ilium is defined as the:
A. Lower part of the small intestine.
B. Bony prominence of the pelvis.
C. Structure that overlies the bladder.
D. Ligament that overlies the femoral vessels.
B. Bony prominence of the pelvis.
Motor nerves of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for:
A. Carrying impulses from the body to the brain.
B. Sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure.
C. Involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
D. Carrying commands from the central nervous system to the muscles.
D. Carrying commands from the central nervous system to the muscles.
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
A. Temperature regulation.
B. Protection from the environment.
C. Transmission of information to the brain.
D. Production of antibodies to foreign organisms.
D. Production of antibodies to foreign organisms.
The term erythropoiesis is defined as the:
A. Destruction of old red blood cells.
B. Carrying of oxygen by red blood cells.
C. Study of the function of red blood cells.
D. Ongoing production of red blood cells.
D. Ongoing production of red blood cells.
A trauma patient complains of pain to the costovertebral angle. The organ(s) most likely injured is/are the:
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Spleen
D. Bladder
A. Kidneys
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveoli pillars membrane through a process called:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Perfusion
D. Metabolism
A. Diffusion
A pH or 7.30 indicates:
A. A neutral pH.
B. A basic pH.
C. Alkalosis
D. Acidosis
D. Acidosis
As blood enters the lungs, it enters the alveoli by passing across the:
A. Pulmonary arteriole.
B. Pulmonary capillary.
C. Pulmonary venule.
D. Pulmonary artery.
B. Pulmonary capillary.
With regard to the heart, ejection fraction is defined as the:
A. Volume of blood that enters the lungs.
B. Volume of blood ejected from both atria.
C. Percentage of blood ejected from the heart.
D. Percentage of blood returned to the heart.
C. Percentage of blood ejected from the heart.
The germinal layer contains cells that produce pigment granules, which help to produce:
A. Sweat
B. Sebum
C. Skin color
D. Fatty tissue
C. Skin color
The term inotropy refers to the:
A. Rate of cardiac contraction
B. Control of electrical conduction
C. Strength of myocardial contraction
D. Degree of ventricular irritability
C. Strength of myocardial contraction
The femoral artery gives rise to all of the following arteries, except the:
A. Iliac arteries
B. Popliteal arteries
C. Dorsalis pedis arteries
D. Posterior tibial arteries
A. Iliac arteries
Shortly after its point of origin, the subclavian artery gives rise to the:
A. Popliteal arteries
B. Brachial arteries
C. Vertebral arteries
D. Carotid arteries
C. Vertebral arteries
The majority of the body’s total body water is contained within the:
A. Extracellular space
B. Intracellular space
C. Intravascular fluid
D. Interstitial fluid
B. Intracellular space
The epiglottis can be described as:
A. Cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing.
B. A ligament that closes the trachea during swallowing.
C. A ligament that attaches the vocal cords to the glottic opening.
D. Cartilage that is inferior to the glottis and keeps the esophagus open.
A. Cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing.
The transverse plane divides the body into the:
A. Top and bottom.
B. Front and back.
C. Proximal and distal aspects.
A. Top and bottom.
As an electrical impulse travels down the electrical conduction system, it transiently slows at the:
A. AV node
B. Bundle of His
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Interatrial septum.
A. AV node
How many milliliters per kilogram (mL/kg) of blood are contained within the average adult male’s body?
A. 60
B. 70
C. 80
D. 90
B. 70
Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the:
A. Vena cava and aorta
B. Aorta and coronary sinus
C. Pulmonary vein and aorta
D. Vena cava and coronary sinus
D. Vena cava and coronary sinus
What happens when systemic vasoconstriction occurs?
A. Preload decreases.
B. After load increases.
C. After load and preload increase.
D. After load and preload decrease.
B. After load increases.
The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:
A. Osmosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Diffusion
D. Diffusion
Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?
A. Eosinophil
B. Neutrophil
C. Basophil
D. Histamine
D. Histamine
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose following severe head trauma suggests:
A. Fracture of the basilar skull.
B. Damage to the nasal sinuses.
C. Fracture of the cribriform plate.
D. Damage to the auditory canal.
C. Fracture of the cribriform plate.
Afterload is defined as the:
A. Volume of blood returned to the left and right atrium.
B. Amount of blood pumped from the heart per contraction.
C. Degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps.
D. Volume of blood pumped throughout the circulatory system per minute.
C. Degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps.
The vagus nerve:
A. Provides motor inner action to the muscles of the pharynx.
B. Carries parasympathetic fibers to the salivary (parotid) glands.
C. Provides motor innervation to the muscles of chewing (mastication).
D. Carries parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominal organs.
D. Carries parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominal organs.
Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells?
A. The lumen
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima
D. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
If the concentration of H+ increases, the pH of the blood will:
A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Remain unchanged
D. Increase, then decrease
A. Decrease
In the pelvis, the descending aorta divides into the:
A. Renal arteries
B. Popliteal arteries
C. Femoral arteries
D. Common iliac arteries
D. Common iliac arteries
The term perfusion is defined as:
A. The production of waste products form metabolism.
B. Effective exchange of O2 and CO2 in the lungs.
C. Adequate circulation of blood to the body’s cells.
D. Sufficient removal of waste products from the body.
C. Adequate circulation of blood to the body’s cells.
Which of the following statements regarding interstitial fluid is correct?
A. It is located in the extracellular space and in between the cells.
B. It accounts for approximately 30% of total body weight.
C. It is located within the blood vessels in the form of plasma.
D. It is equal to approximately 15% to 20% of the total body weight.
A. It is located in the extracellular space and in between the cells.
The movement of a substance against a concentration of gradient, such as the cell membrane, is called:
A. Osmosis
B. Crenation
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
A normally balanced condition of the body that is resistant to change is called:
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Hemostasis
D. Homeostasis
D. Homeostasis
In adults, most bone marrow in the long bones of the extremities contains:
A. Fat
B. Endosteum
C. Leukocytes
D. Red blood cells.
A. Fat
What is the cribriform plate?
A. Superior surface of the cranial vault that protects the cerebrum.
B. Saddle-shaped depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone.
C. Opening through which the brain stem passes from the cerebrum.
D. Horizontal bone through which the olfactory nerve filaments pass.
D. Horizontal bone through which the olfactory nerve filaments pass.
In the pregnant patient, the secretion of oxytocin causes:
A. Uterine smooth muscle contraction.
B. Uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
C. Decreased milk production in the breasts.
D. Thickening of the uterine wall for implantation.
A. Uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Chemicals that become ionic conductors when dissolved in water are called:
A. Ions
B. Exocytes
C. Endocytes
D. Electrolytes
D. Electrolytes
A bruit differs from a murmur in that a bruit:
A. Represents widespread arteriosclerosis.
B. Is a benign physiologic abnormality.
C. Is auscultation over a main blood vessel.
D. Indicates turbulent blood flow in the heart.
C. Is auscultation over a main blood vessel.
Relative to the wrist, the elbow is:
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Proximal
D. Distal
C. Proximal
All of the following are voluntary muscles, except:
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Striated muscle
D. Somatic muscle
B. Smooth muscle
A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:
A. Decreases heart rate.
B. Increases heart rate.
C. Decreases cardiac contractility.
D. Increases the conduction of electricity.
B. Increases heart rate.
A specialized part of the venous system that filters the blood and metabolizes various drugs is called:
A. Duodenal portal system
B. Splenic portal system
C. Renal portal system
D. Hepatic portal system
D. Hepatic portal system
The axial skeleton is composed of:
A. The upper and lower extremities.
B. All skeletal structures below the pelvis.
C. The skull, face, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
D. The ribs, pelvic girdle, and upper and lower extremities.
C. The skull, face, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
The respiratory center of the brain is located in the:
A. Medulla
B. Cerebrum
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
A. Medulla
In addition to facilitating the uptake of sugar into the cells, insulin is also responsible for:
A. The chemical conversion of glycogen to glucose.
B. Stimulating the liver and kidneys to produce glucose.
C. The production of amino acids and carbohydrates.
D. The chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen.
D. The chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Which of the following lists, in the correct order, the return of blood from the systemic circulation to the heart?
A. Capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava.
B. Venules, capillaries, veins, vena cava.
C. Capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta.
D. Arterioles, capillaries, arteries, aorta.
A. Capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava.
A newborn’s total body water is approximately:
A. 40% of total body weight.
B. 50% of total body weight.
C. 60% of total body weight.
D. 80% of total body weight.
D. 80% of total body weight.
The first two cervical vertebrae, in order, are called:
A. Axis and dens
B. Atlas and axis
C. Dens and Odontoceti
D. Odontoceti and atlas
B. Atlas and axis
What gland lies at the base of the brain and secretes that regulate the function of many other glands in the body?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal
C. Pituitary
D. Thalamus
C. Pituitary
Collagen is a substance that:
A. Lends flexible strength to the bone.
B. Allows the bone to grow in length.
C. Produces blood cells within the bone.
D. Destroys other minerals within the bone.
A. Lends flexible strength to the bone.
The large opening at the base of the skull is called the:
A. Foramen magnum
B. Lamboid suture
C. Vertebral foramen
D. Mastoid process
A. Foramen magnum
