Chapter 5 Test Questions Flashcards
The layer of tissue that lines the inside of the chest cavity is called the:
A. Visceral pleura
B. Pulmonary pleura
C. Parietal pleura
D. Thoracic pleura
C. Parietal pleura
The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses. This process is called:
A. Automaticity
B. Excitability
C. Conductivity
D. Dromotropy
A. Automaticity
The normal pH of the human body ranges from:
A. 7.25 - 7.30
B. 7.35 - 7.45
C. 7.50 - 7.55
D. 7.60 - 7.75
B. 7.35 - 7.45
The heart’s primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium is the:
A. AV node.
B. SA node.
C. AV junction.
D. Bundle of His.
B. SA node
Insulin and glucagon are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the:
A. Adrenal islets.
B. Islets of Langerhans.
C. Medullary cortex.
D. Adrenal medulla.
B. Islets of Langerhans.
Following a head injury, a patient complains of double vision. This suggests injury to the:
A. Temporal lobe.
B. Frontal lobe.
C. Occipital lobe.
D. Parietal lobe.
C. Occipital lobe.
During your assessment of a patient, you note that he is bradycardia, hypotensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest:
A. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
B. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.
C. Sympathetic nervous system depression.
D. Parasympathetic nervous system depression.
B. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.
During an allergic reaction, basophils release histamines and heparin. What respective roles do these chemicals play?
A. Reduce inflammation and facilitate blood clotting.
B. Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
C. Reduce inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
D. Reduce tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
B. Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting.
The diencephalon, a major region of the brain, contains which of the following structures?
A. Pons and medulla.
B. Cerebellum and pons.
C. Medulla and thalamus.
D. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
D. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:
A. Remains in the lungs following expiration.
B. Is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.
C. Is moved in or out of the lungs following maximal expiration.
D. Is exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation.
B. Is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.
The substance epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for:
A. Alpha and beta receptors.
B. Alpha-1 receptors only.
C. Beta-1 receptors only
D. Alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors.
A. Alpha and beta receptors.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it:
A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it.
B. Will allow any substance to readily pass through it.
C. Only allows potassium and calcium to pass through it.
D. Only allows sodium and chloride to pass through it.
A. Allows only certain substances to pass through it.
Which of the following organs/structures lie in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen?
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Kidneys
D. Superior vena cava
C. Kidneys
Cardiac output is equal to:
A. Systole minus diastole.
B. Blood pressure multiplied by heart rate.
C. Heart rate minus systolic blood pressure.
D. Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
D. Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.
A buffer is a substance that can absorb or donate:
A. Water
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Hydrogen ions.
D. Hydrogen ions.
Nonfunctional erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen by cells called:
A. Phagocytes
B. Leukophages
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes
C. Macrophages
The primary waste product of metabolism is:
A. Glucose
B. Lactic acid
C. Glycogen
D. Carbon dioxide.
D. Carbon dioxide.
The term anemia is defined as:
A. Excessive red blood cells.
B. Deficiency of white blood cells.
C. Excessive white blood cells.
D. Deficiency of red blood cells.
D. Deficiency of red blood cells.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a major female hormone that:
A. Thickens the endometrium in preparation for implantation of an egg.
B. Is manufactured by the developing embryo to sustain the pregnancy.
C. Is produced by the corpus luteum in preparation for pregnancy.
D. Regulates the release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries.
B. Is manufactured by the developing embryo to sustain the pregnancy.
The pulmonary circulation is responsible for:
A. Sending deoxygenated blood to the atria.
B. Perfusing the vital organs of the body.
C. Ensuring that blood gets reoxygenated.
D. Filtering the blood of toxic chemicals.
C. Ensuring that blood gets reoxygenated.
Which of the following is not a peripheral pulse in the adult?
A. Popliteal
B. Brachial
C. Radial
D. Femoral
D. Femoral
Molecules that bind to a cell’s receptor and trigger a response by that cell are called:
A. Steroids
B. Agonists
C. Hormones
D. Antagonists
B. Agonists
All of the following are facial bones, except the:
A. Maxilla
B. Parietal
C. Palatine
D. Lacrimal
B. Parietal
The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) is responsible for:
A. Vision
B. Sight
C. Smell
D. Hearing
C. Smell
The thyroid gland is responsible for the:
A. Release of TSH.
B. Breakdown of glycogen.
C. Production of glucose.
D. Metabolic rate.
D. Metabolic rate.
All of the following are formed components of the blood, except:
A. Plasma
B. Platelets
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells
A. Plasma
What happens when the PaCO2 of the arterial blood increases?
A. pH increases and ventilations increase.
B. pH decreases and ventilations decrease.
C. pH increases and ventilations decrease.
D. pH decreases and ventilations increase.
D. pH decreases and ventilations increase.
The study of the body functions in a diseased state is called:
A. Anatomy
B. Physiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Pathophysiology
D. Pathophysiology
Which of the following substances are vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B. Aldosterone and dopamine
C. Cortisol and epinephrine
D. Aldosterone and cortisol
A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the stomach is the:
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ilium
D. Ileum
A. Duodenum
The movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called:
A. Osmosis
B. Crenation
C. Diffusion
D. Passive transport.
A. Osmosis
The adrenal cortex, a portion of the adrenal gland, produces:
A. Corticosteroids
B. Epinephrine
D. Norepinephrine
A. Corticosteroids
Which portion of the spinal column articulates with the pelvis?
A. Thoracic
B. Sacral
C. Lumbar
D. Coccyx
B. Sacral
Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of all body fluid?
A. 15%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
C. 25%
Increased myocardial contractility secondary to stretching of the myocardial walls is called the:
A. Ernest-Henry effect
B. Frank-Starling effect
C. Beck-Cushing’s reflex
D. Frank-Beck mechanism
B. Frank-Starling effect
A patient is placed in a Fowler’s position. In this position, the body is:
A. Positioned face-up.
B. In a semireclining position.
C. Supine with the legs elevated.
D. On its side with the head elevated.
B. In a semireclining position.
Topographic ally, the term distal means:
A. Near the trunk.
B. Near a point of reference.
C. Away from the trunk.
D. Toward the body’s midline.
C. Away from the trunk.
To prevent the tissues from becoming edematous, the ___ system must absorb excess fluid and return it to the central venous circulation.
A. Lymphatic
B. Endocrine
C. Hematologic
D. Cardiovascular
A. Lymphatic
The most inferior portion of the heart is called the:
A. Base
B. Apex
C. Volar
D. Dorsum
B. Apex
The total body water of an average adult is approximately:
A. 45%
B. 60%
C. 75%
D. 80%
B. 60%