Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
To have been denied the ability to exercise a right, such as the right to vote
Disenfranchised
A type of law enacted in several southern states to allow those who were permitted to vote before the Civil War, and their descendants, to bypass literary tests and other obstacles to voting
Grandfather clause
State and local laws that mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the south, many border states, and some northern communities
Jim Crow laws
The idea that racial segregation was acceptable as long as the separate facilities were of equal quality
Separate but equal doctrine
The idea under which some people have tried to rationalize the discriminatory policies by claiming that some groups, like women or African-Americans, should be denied certain rights for their own safety or well-being
Protectionism
Relating to actions or circumstances that occur by law
De jure
Relating to actions or circumstances that occur outside the law
De facto
The idea that discrimination exists if a practice has a negative effect on a specific group, whether or not this effect was intentional
Disparate impact standard
The use of evidence to suggest that differences in the behavior of two groups can rationalize unequal treatment of these groups
Rational basis test
The Supreme Court has the power to overturn laws that infringe on individual liberties
Substantiative due process doctrine
Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court ruled abortion legal in 1973 in accordance with the 14th amendment
Dred Scott v. Stanford
The Supreme Court ruled that states could not be stopped from allowing slavery. It also how that slaves were property rather than citizens and had no legal rights.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Jim Crow laws were in place to segregate everything whites and blacks did. The Supreme Court validated these practices in Plessy v. Ferguson in establishing the separate but equal doctrine, officially permitting segregation as long as blacks had equal facilities
Brown v. Board of Education
Overturned separate but equal and ended segregation in the public school system. The Court concluded that separate facilities were inherently unequal. This case only affected segregation in the context of the school system.
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise of 1820 is when they expanded slavery by adding Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in order to keep the balance between slave and free states
What are the four steps to Martin Luther King’s nonviolent campaign
- Collection of the fax to determine whether in justices or alive
- Negotiation with white leaders to change the injustices
- Self purification; this included being able to endure the abuse you may receive
- Direct action; for example nonviolent sit-ins and/or marches
Civil rights act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places in band employment discrimination on the basis of race color religion sex or national origin
Significance of Birmingham, Alabama
The most racial violent city than any other southern city. There were several bombings, attacks, etc. in Birmingham. It is also where Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested during his peaceful protest, and he wrote “Letter from the Birmingham Jail.”
Civil rights figures and their importance
Rosa parks sparked with civil rights movement in 1955. She refused to give up her seat to a white man. At the time she was required to do this by law so she was arrested. This event led to the boycott of the bus company that lasted a little over year. Martin Luther King Junior begin his role in the civil rights movement as the elected leader of the bus boycott. He played a huge role in the civil rights movement. He is most known for his peaceful protests and marches. His most famous speech is the “I have a dream” speech he gave in Washington.
Which case ended legal segregation in public schools
Brown versus Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting the war
Civil liberties
Government agency that reviews complaints about racial and gender discrimination by employers
Civil rights
Lowest level of scrutiny applied by the courts
Rational basis
Scrutiny used for gender based discrimination claims
Intermediate scrutiny
The level of scrutiny used with racially-based discrimination claims
Strict scrutiny
Expanded recognition of same-sex marriages
Supreme court ruling on the federal defense of marriage act
Allowed game in women to serve openly in the military
Repeal of “Don’t ask, don’t tell”
Extended right of privacy as related to intimate conduct of gay men and lesbians
Lawrence versus Texas
Rights that guarantee individuals freedom from discrimination
Civil rights
