Chapter 5 Test

Question 1

To have been denied the ability to exercise a right, such as the right to vote

Answer 1

Disenfranchised

Question 2

A type of law enacted in several southern states to allow those who were permitted to vote before the Civil War, and their descendants, to bypass literary tests and other obstacles to voting

Answer 2

Grandfather clause

Question 3

State and local laws that mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the south, many border states, and some northern communities

Answer 3

Jim Crow laws

Question 4

The idea that racial segregation was acceptable as long as the separate facilities were of equal quality

Answer 4

Separate but equal doctrine

Question 5

The idea under which some people have tried to rationalize the discriminatory policies by claiming that some groups, like women or African-Americans, should be denied certain rights for their own safety or well-being

Answer 5

Protectionism

Question 6

Relating to actions or circumstances that occur by law

Answer 6

De jure

Question 7

Relating to actions or circumstances that occur outside the law

Answer 7

De facto

Question 8

The idea that discrimination exists if a practice has a negative effect on a specific group, whether or not this effect was intentional

Answer 8

Disparate impact standard

Question 9

The use of evidence to suggest that differences in the behavior of two groups can rationalize unequal treatment of these groups

Answer 9

Rational basis test

Question 10

The Supreme Court has the power to overturn laws that infringe on individual liberties

Answer 10

Substantiative due process doctrine

Question 11

Roe v. Wade

Answer 11

The Supreme Court ruled abortion legal in 1973 in accordance with the 14th amendment

Question 12

Dred Scott v. Stanford

Answer 12

The Supreme Court ruled that states could not be stopped from allowing slavery. It also how that slaves were property rather than citizens and had no legal rights.

Question 13

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 13

Jim Crow laws were in place to segregate everything whites and blacks did. The Supreme Court validated these practices in Plessy v. Ferguson in establishing the separate but equal doctrine, officially permitting segregation as long as blacks had equal facilities

Question 14

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 14

Overturned separate but equal and ended segregation in the public school system. The Court concluded that separate facilities were inherently unequal. This case only affected segregation in the context of the school system.

Question 15

Missouri Compromise

Answer 15

The Missouri compromise of 1820 is when they expanded slavery by adding Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in order to keep the balance between slave and free states

Question 16

What are the four steps to Martin Luther King’s nonviolent campaign

Answer 16

1. Collection of the fax to determine whether in justices or alive
2. Negotiation with white leaders to change the injustices
3. Self purification; this included being able to endure the abuse you may receive
4. Direct action; for example nonviolent sit-ins and/or marches

Question 17

Civil rights act of 1964

Answer 17

Ended segregation in public places in band employment discrimination on the basis of race color religion sex or national origin

Question 18

Significance of Birmingham, Alabama

Answer 18

The most racial violent city than any other southern city. There were several bombings, attacks, etc. in Birmingham. It is also where Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested during his peaceful protest, and he wrote “Letter from the Birmingham Jail.”

Question 19

Civil rights figures and their importance

Answer 19

Rosa parks sparked with civil rights movement in 1955. She refused to give up her seat to a white man. At the time she was required to do this by law so she was arrested. This event led to the boycott of the bus company that lasted a little over year. Martin Luther King Junior begin his role in the civil rights movement as the elected leader of the bus boycott. He played a huge role in the civil rights movement. He is most known for his peaceful protests and marches. His most famous speech is the “I have a dream” speech he gave in Washington.

Question 20

Which case ended legal segregation in public schools

Answer 20

Brown versus Board of Education

Question 21

The Supreme Court ruling that the government cannot prevent someone from sending out pamphlets protesting the war

Answer 21

Civil liberties

Question 22

Government agency that reviews complaints about racial and gender discrimination by employers

Answer 22

Civil rights

Question 23

Lowest level of scrutiny applied by the courts

Answer 23

Rational basis

Question 24

Scrutiny used for gender based discrimination claims

Answer 24

Intermediate scrutiny

Question 25

The level of scrutiny used with racially-based discrimination claims

Answer 25

Strict scrutiny

Question 26

Expanded recognition of same-sex marriages

Answer 26

Supreme court ruling on the federal defense of marriage act

Question 27

Allowed game in women to serve openly in the military

Answer 27

Repeal of “Don’t ask, don’t tell”

Question 28

Extended right of privacy as related to intimate conduct of gay men and lesbians

Answer 28

Lawrence versus Texas

Question 29

Rights that guarantee individuals freedom from discrimination

Answer 29

Civil rights