Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
Process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents
Mitosis
Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell
Cell cycle
Process by which the cell cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis
Long, continuos thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
Chromosome
Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
Histone
Loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
Chromatin
One half of duplicated chromosome
Chromatid
Region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis
Centromere
Repeating nucleotide at ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes
Telomere
First phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down the nucleus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell
Prophase
Second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator
Metaphase
Third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
Last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form,the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassembled
Telophase
Broad group of proteins that simulate cell division
Growth factor
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis