Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

Process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents

A

Mitosis

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1
Q

Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell

A

Cell cycle

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2
Q

Process by which the cell cytoplasm divides

A

Cytokinesis

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3
Q

Long, continuos thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information

A

Chromosome

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4
Q

Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

A

Histone

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5
Q

Loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

One half of duplicated chromosome

A

Chromatid

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7
Q

Region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis

A

Centromere

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8
Q

Repeating nucleotide at ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes

A

Telomere

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9
Q

First phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down the nucleus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

A

Prophase

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10
Q

Second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator

A

Metaphase

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11
Q

Third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

A

Anaphase

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12
Q

Last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form,the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassembled

A

Telophase

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13
Q

Broad group of proteins that simulate cell division

A

Growth factor

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14
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

Common name for a class disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer

16
Q

Having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells

A

Benign

17
Q

Cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organisms health

A

Malignant

18
Q

To spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from to other parts of the body

A

Metastasize

19
Q

Substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

A

Carcinogen

20
Q

Process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes

A

Asexual reproduction

21
Q

Asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two parts

A

Binary fission

22
Q

Group of cells that work together to preform a similar function

A

Tissue

23
Q

Group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related function

A

Organ

24
Q

Two or more organs work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions

A

Organ system

25
Q

Process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function

A

Cell differentiation

26
Q

Cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated

A

Stem cell