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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 5 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Positive ion

A

cation

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2
Q

Negative ion

A

anion

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3
Q

A compound formed by forces between positively and negatively charged particles is known as a…?

A

ionic compound

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4
Q

The force that holds two atoms together; may form by the attraction of a positive ion for a negative ion or by sharing electrons

A

Chemical bond

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5
Q

The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound

A

ionic bond

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6
Q

The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons

A

metallic bond

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7
Q

A three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles in which each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions

A

crystal lattice

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8
Q

The simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound

A

formula unit

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9
Q

What type of ion

is made up of a single atom with a positive or negative charge?

A

monatomic ion

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10
Q

What type of ion is a group of atoms bonded together that acts as a single unit with a net charge?

A

polyatomic ion

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11
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more metals

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12
Q

Chemical reactivity depends on…

A

valence electron configuration

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13
Q

Why are noble gases stable?

A

They have 8 valence electrons and a full outer ring

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14
Q 
In terms of electron configuration, a neutral chlorine atom differs from the noble gas argon by 
 valence electron(s).
A

one

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15
Q

Chemical bonds form by the attraction between ______.

A

positive and negative ions

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16
Q

Transition metal ions may lose their two valence electrons, forming ions with charges of 2+. But they may also lose electrons from an inner ______ sublevel, forming ions of 3+ or greater.

A

d

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17
Q

Elements in groups 11 through 14 lose electrons to form an outer energy level containing full s, p, and d sublevels. What are these relatively stable electron arrangements called?

A

isoelectronic

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18
Q

To designate an anion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, the ending ___ is added to the root name of the element.

A

-ide

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19
Q

Groups 1-13 do what with electrons?

A

lose electrons

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20
Q

Group 14 does what with electrons?

A

lose or gain

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21
Q

Groups 15-18 do what with electrons?

A

gain electrons

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22
Q

Octet Rule

A

atoms tend to lose or gain electrons to reach 8 electrons in their outer valence shell

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23
Q

Isoelectronic Elements

A

When elements lose or gain electrons, they become isoelectronic with a noble gas elements; isoelectronic elements have the same electron arrangement but have different nuclei

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24
Q

Transition metals form and lose what?

A

may form different cations and lose 1-4 electrons

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25
Q

Positive ions are names as what?

A

positive ions are named as the metal + “ion”

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26
Q

Ions with variable changes (transition elements and all basic metals other than aluminum) are named using what to indicate the charge on the ion?

A

roman numerals

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27
Q

Ionic compounds form when…

A

ions of opposite charges attract each other

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28
Q

Three types of bonds

A

Ionic, metallic, and covalent

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29
Q

Crystal structure

A

depends on the size and ratios of the ions

30
Q

Unit Cell

A

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3 dimensional structure of the entire lattice

31
Q

Lattice Energy

A

the amount of energy needed to break a crystal lattice up into seperate ions

32
Q

Ionic bonds are very strong due to…

A

the attractive forces of opposite charges on ions and these bonds give ionic compounds distinctive properties

33
Q

Properties of Ionic bonds

A

high melting and boiling points, liquid and dissolved salts are good conductors of electricity, solid salts are poor conductors of electricity, hard and brittle

34
Q

What about how ion size affects lattice energy is true?

A

Smaller ions produce greater lattice energies

35
Q

For an element in an ionic compound, the number of electrons transferred from the atom to form the ion is the…

A

oxidation number

36
Q

When writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, the symbol for the ___ is always written first. The number of ions of each element in a formula unit is represented by ___

A

cation; subscript

37
Q

mono

A

1

38
Q

di

A

2

39
Q

tri

A

3

40
Q

tetra

A

4

41
Q

penta

A

5

42
Q

hexa

A

6

43
Q

hepta

A

7

44
Q

octa

A

8

45
Q

nona

A

9

46
Q

deca

A

10

47
Q

Metals conduct heat and electrical current well due to the ______ of delocalized electrons.

A

movement from place to place

48
Q

How could you determine if an ionic compound is binary or ternary?

A

Binary ionic compounds have two ions and ternary ionic compounds have more than two.

49
Q

The formula unit of an ionic compound shows the…

A

simplest ratio of the ions

50
Q

The overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound…

A

is always zero

51
Q

Ionic bonds generally occur between…

A

a metal and a nonmetal

52
Q

Salts are examples of…

A

ionic compounds

53
Q

A three-dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called a(n)…

A

crystal lattice

54
Q

What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions in place?

A

The more negative the lattice energy is, the greater the force.

55
Q

What ending do you change when the ion ends in -ic?

A

You change it to -ate

56
Q

The alloy that is formed when the small holes in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms is an ___ alloy.

A

interstitial

57
Q

What is the name for N -3

A

nitride ion

58
Q

What is the name for Li +1

A

Lithium ion

59
Q

What is the name for Fe +2

A

Iron (II)

60
Q

What is NaBr?

A

sodium bromide

61
Q

What is Li3N?

A

Lithium nitride

62
Q

What is (NH4)Cl?

A

ammonium chloride

63
Q

Cross charges get what net charge

A

0

64
Q

If an acid starts with hydro is is what…

A

a regular elements (binary)

65
Q

In binary compounds, anion ends in…

A

-ide

66
Q

Factors of lattice energy

A

charge and radius size

67
Q

Octet rule states…

A

2nd row elements can have a max of 8 electrons

68
Q

What is a hydrate?

A

water chemically attached to ions

69
Q

An ion is an atom with…

A

extra or less electrons than normal

70
Q

Isoelectronic means…

A

having the same number of electrons

71
Q

What is an isotope?

A

forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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