Chapter 5 Terms

Question 1

Prenatal

Answer 1

The period before conception through gestation.

Question 2

Postnatal

Answer 2

Conditons affect the mother or the infant following delivery for the first 30 days after birth.

Question 3

Perinatal

Answer 3

the fourth term- 29th week of gestation and ends between the first and fourth weeks after birth

Question 4

Prematurity

Answer 4

describing developing fetusues born prior to the 37th week of gestation

Question 5

Viability

Answer 5

Gestational age at which a fetus can survive outside the womb with or without medical or technological intervention.

Question 6

Respiratory System

Answer 6

a chemical agent needed for infants independent breathing that is not produced in sufficient quanity until the 32nd-33rd week of pregnancy

Question 7

Cardiovascular System

Answer 7

Pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen.

Question 8

Neurological System

Answer 8

the body’s command center. made up of nerves, the brain, and and spinal cord. it coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to different parts of the body.

Question 9

Renal/Gastrointestinal Systems

Answer 9

Removes waste from the body and regulates blood volume and blood pressure. The organs that take food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy.

Question 10

Muscular System

Answer 10

Refers to the network of muscles throughout the body that enables movement, stability, posture, and heat production. Comprised of three types of muscles-skeletal, smooth, and cardiac the muscular system works in coordination with nervous system to execute voluntary movements, as well as to support internal functions.

Question 11

Micropremature infants

Answer 11

Are babies born extremely prematurely, typically weighing less than 800 grams (approximately 1.8 pounds) and often born before the 26th week of gestation. Due to their underdeveloped organ systems and fragility, micropremature infants require specialized medical care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to survive and thrive.

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

Is the framework of the body, consisting of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Its primary functions include providing support, protection to internal organs, enabling movement through muscle attachement, storing minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and producing blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 13

Integumentary System

Answer 13

Is the body’s largest organ system, consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands. It serves several functions, including protection against pathogens, regulation of body temperature, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D through exposure to sunlight, and excretion of wastes through sweat glands.

Question 14

Corrected Gestational Age

Answer 14

The age of a preterm infant calculated from the estimated due date rather than from the actual date of birth. This adjustment is made to account for the time the baby would have spent in the womb if they had been born at full term.

Question 15

Preconception Maternal Conditions

Answer 15

Any medical or health conditions that a mother may have prior to conception, which could potentially impact the health and development of the fetus during pregnancy and the child after birth.
These conditions could include chronic illnesses, genetic disorders, mental health issues, substance abuse problems, or other factors that may affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes.

Question 16

Prenatal Maternal Conditions

Answer 16

Are health conditions or factors that affect the mother during pregnancy.
These conditions can include medical issues such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, infections, or exposure to harmful substances like drugs or alcohol. Can have significant effects on fetal development and may increase the risk of certain developmental challenges or special needs in the child.

Question 17

Placenta Previa

Answer 17

Where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, the opening to the uterus.
This condition can lead to bleeding during pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester or during labor, which can pose risks to both the mother and the baby.

Question 18

Abruptio Placenta

Answer 18

a serious prenatal maternal condition that has potential impact on the health and development of the fetus. It is when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. This separation can lead to bleeding and deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients, posing significant risks to both the mother and the baby.

Question 19

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Answer 19

A major problem associated with pregnancy and delivery. Women with PIH may experience kidney failure, blood clotting, cardiac episodes, and respiratory distress.

Question 20

Maternal Diabetes

Answer 20

diabetes in pregnant women can be present prior to the pregnancy or can come about during gestation; infants of diabetic mothers are at a higher risk for natal and postnatal complications

Question 21

Premature Labor

Answer 21

Contractions and dilatation occuring prior to the 37th week of gestation.

Question 22

Labor

Answer 22

the process in which a mother and fetus work together toward the goal of delivery

Question 23

Prolaspe of the Cord

Answer 23

Abnormal positioning of a fetus may cause the umbilical cord to fall from the uterine cavity after the mother’s water has broken, causing a prolapse of the umbilical cord.

Question 24

Hypoxia

Answer 24

decreased oxygen levels; account for the largest group of infants with severe, non-progressive neurological deficits that happen before and during delivery

Question 25

Meconium Aspiration

Answer 25

this occurs when a fetus either gasps before delivery or when meconium is aspirated into the trachea and airways with the first breath of the infant whose mouth and nose have not been cleared of amniotic fluid which contains meconium particles.

Question 26

Low birth weight

Answer 26

infants born at less than 2,500 g (5.5 lb) at 38 weeks of gestation; may experience problems such as respiratory distress, apnea, poor temperature control, and nutritional issues; 95% survival rate, but developmental delays are a concern

Question 27

Retinopathy of prematurity

Answer 27

ROP is a common occurrence caused by the need for long-term oxygen therapy and capillary fragility, which may lead to bleeding in the capillaries that supply the retina of the eye.

Question 28

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 28

Difficulty breathing caused by the absence of, or a deficiency in, the amount of surfactant present in the infant’s lungs.

Question 29

Bronchopulmanry dysplasia

Answer 29

Chronic lung disease of infancy.

Question 30

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 30

Cardiac defect that frequently occurs in the very low-birth-weight and extremely low-birth- weight infant. This condition can result in increased respiratory distress.

Question 31

Hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 31

is a medical condition characterized by an elevated level of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin and excretes it from the body through bile. However, when the liver cannot process bilirubin efficiently or when there is an excessive breakdown of red blood cells, bilirubin levels rise, leading to the characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes known as jaundice. Hyperbilirubinemia can occur due to various factors, including liver disease, hemolytic disorders, infections, or blockage of bile ducts. Severe cases of hyperbilirubinemia, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications, including brain damage in newborns (kernicterus). Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and, in severe cases, using phototherapy or exchange transfusion to lower bilirubin levels.

Question 32

Apnea of prematurity

Answer 32

Pauses in breathing due to position or neurological lapses.

Question 33

Anemia

Answer 33

A deficiency in the number of red blood cells available to
the infant.

Question 34

Failure to thrive

Answer 34

Inability of the infant to maintain or gain sufficient weight for healthy growth and development.

Question 35

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 35

full range of alcohol-related disabilities derived from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

Question 36

Prenatal exposure to drugs

Answer 36

The infant will be premature and have brain damage which can affect their social, language, emotional, and cognitive development.