Chapter 5- Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure

Question 1

Move Operation

Answer 1

Carrying an element to a new position within the phrase or sentence

Question 2

Lexical Catagories

Answer 2

Nouns (N)
Verbs (V)
Adjectives (A)
Prepositions (P)
Adverbs (Adv)

Question 3

Non-Lexical/Functional Categories

Answer 3

Determiner (Det)
Degree word (Deg)
Auxillary (Aux)
     Modal
     Non-Modal
Conjunction (Con)

Question 4

To verify an expression as a syntactic constituent, it must pass at least one of these 3 tests

Answer 4

Coordination Test
Substitution Test
Movement Test

Question 5

Coordination test for syntactic constituency

Answer 5

Can the expression be combined with another using and, or,

Question 6

Substitution test for syntactic constituency

Answer 6

Can expression be substituted with another expression (they, did so, he, it, etc)

Question 7

Movement test for syntactic constituency

Answer 7

Can expression be moved to another place in sentence

Question 8

Specifier location and

NP, VP, AP & PP specifier type

Answer 8

Left of head
NP- Det
VP- Adv (never, perhaps, often, almost…)
AP & PP- Deg (very, quite, almost, more…)

Question 9

Complement location

Answer 9

right of head of phrase

Question 10

What phrase types does a TP link

Answer 10

NP and VP
TP
NP T1
+-pst VP

Question 11

Inversion

Answer 11

T moves to C (left of Q)

Question 12

Where do modal auxiliaries occur?

Answer 12

In T position (left of +-pst)

Question 13

What are non-modal auxiliaries?

Answer 13

be, have, do (is, am, has, does, etc.)

Question 14

Verb raising process

Answer 14

1. d-structure
2. v-raising, V moves to T (non-modal aux, in absence of modal aux, raises to T)
3. inversion, T moves to C (left of Q)

Question 15

Move- Yes-no Question process

Answer 15

1. d-structure

2. inversion, T moves to C (left of Q)

Question 16

Move- Wh Question

Answer 16

1. d-structure with empty CP specifier
2. inversion, T moves to C(left od Q)
3. wh movement, wh phrase moves to become specifier of CP

Question 17

Modifier

Answer 17

word and phrases that denote properties of heads
can occur to right or left of head but always occur lower than specifier but higher than complements
APs commonly modify NPs
AdvPs modify Vs

Question 18

Relative Clause

Answer 18

A CP that serves as a modifier

links sentence with who, which, that, etc.

Question 19

Relative Clause process

Answer 19

1. D-structure, the clause word (who, which, that, etc) goes to where it would be given it’s class, CP specifier left open, C under C1 is marked with +rel
2. clause word moves to specifier position on CP