Chapter 5 - Syntax Flashcards
Syntax
A component of metal grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions.
Linguistic Expressions
A piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.
Principle of Compasionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
Phrasal Expressions
A linguistic expression that results from syntactic combination of smaller expressions.
Phrasal Expressions
A linguistic expression that results from syntactic combination of smaller expressions.
Syntactic Properties
Properties of linguistic expressions that indicate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order, and co-occurrence properties.
Word Order
The linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. Also, the set of syntactic properties pf expression that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions.
Co-occurrence
The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.
Syntactic Constituent
A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules.
Complements
A non-subject argument of some expression.
Adjuncts
A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier.
Agreement
The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.
Morpho-Syntax
The name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar.
Transitive Verbs
Syntactic category that
Cleft
A type of sentence that has the general form It is/was X that Y, ex, It was Sally that I wanted to meet. Can be used as a constituency test.
Pro-Form
A word (pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent.
Transitive Verbs
Syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined, with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase; A verb that needs a noun phrase complement.
Lexical Ambiguity
The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.
Homophony
The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form ex, sound the same.
Ambiguous
Open to more than one interpretation or having a double meaning.
Determiners
Name of Lexical & a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.
Count Nouns
Noun that can be counted and pluralized.
Noun Phrases
The name of syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.
Lexical Entries
Representation of lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language. A collection of lexical entries constitutes the lexicon.
Nouns
Name of Lexical & a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the plural suffix -s or the suffix -like can b added. Syntactically, consists of expressions that combine with determiners to their left the resulting expressions being of category noun phrase.
Mass Nouns
Noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized.
Verb Phrase
Name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions that, if combined with a noun phrase to their left, result in a sentence.
Intransitive Verbs
Name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase.
VP Adjuncts
A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being a category of verb phrase.
N Adjuncts
A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun.
