Chapter 5 Study Guide Flashcards
Declaration of Independence
Limit Government Power & Protect Individual Rights
Revolutionary War
War between US & Great Britain
Age of Reason
Enlightenment
Magna Carta
King follows same laws as the people
John Locke
Pioneered ideas of natural law & social contract
Idea of Equality & Liberty
Natural Rights
Social Contract
Contract that exists between political ruler and the people they ruled
Baron de Montesquieu
Idea of Separation of Power
Government w/ multiple parts that have their own rights, powers & privileges
Separation of Power
Examples of Early Self Government
Virginia House of Burgesses
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Example of American Model of Self Government - Constitution
House of Burgesses
State Constitution
Designed to keep leaders from gaining too much power; created limited government
Formed in 1639; Stated powers & limits of government
Fundamental Order of Connecticut
Right to Vote
Suffrage
1st Central Government in US
Articles of Confederation
Type of government where states have more power than central government
Confederation
Limited government power to protect the liberties of the people
Weakness of the Articles of Confederation
Congress became single branch of national government; ended the war
Strength of Articles of Confederation
Official Approval
Ratify
Northwest Territory
Areas compiled of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota & Wisconsin
Land Ordinance of 1785
System Surveying & Dividing Western Lands
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Legislation passed by congress to establish political structure for the northwest territory & system for admission for new states
Example of Trade/Economic Problem
Debt & Inflation - money printed by each state
Taxes on Imported Goods
Tariffs
Trade between 2 or more States
Commerce
Inflation
Increased prices for good and services combined with the reduced value of money
Depression
Period of low economic activity combined with rise in unemployment
Shays Rebellion
Farmer revolt to protest high taxes and debt
Independence Hall/ Constitutional Convention
Location where the convention was held in Philadelphia to approve Articles of Confederation
Delegate that served in state legislature and congress
James Madison
Invented lightning rod & helped draft declaration of independence
Benjamin Franklin
Revolutionary War Hero & 1st President
George Washington
Opposed a stronger central government
Patrick Henry
Who did not attend the Convention?
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Patrick Henry
Proposed a new federal constitution to give sovereignty or supreme power to central government
Edmund Randolph
Majority Rule
Popular Sovereignty
Bi-Cameral
2 House of Legislative Branch
Proportional Representation
Allowed larger states to receive more say bc they had more people
New Jersey Plan
One House (unicameral) Legislature; provides each state an equal number of votes for equal voice in government
Authored New Jersey Plan
William Patterson
Equal Representation
Equal Votes/Power
Great Compromise
Creation of bicameral legislature with one house based on population and the other based on equality
Signed Constitution
Roger Sherman
3/5 Compromise
Agreement that counted only 3 of every 5 salves toward the state’s population
Government to tax imports but not exports to help compete with England
Commerce Compromise
Federalism
Sharing of power between the central government and its states
Supremacy Clause
Every state must obey the authority of the national/ federal government
Makes Laws
Legislative Branch
Enforces Laws
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Interprets Law
Federalist
Support Constitution;
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
Anti Federalist
Oppose Constitution;
George Mason bc there was no guarantee for individual rights
Federalist Papers
Essays to support the constitution
Propoganda
Biased material to help or harm a cause
Higher Law
No law can be enforced unless it conforms with moral principles
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to consitution
Alaska Purchase
Land purchased from Russia 1867
