Chapter 5 - Statistical Analysis of Data

Question 1

individual difference

Answer 1

natural differences between people

Question 2

Statistics help researchers to decide whether group differences on dependent measures are due to research manipulations or are the result of existing ___________ ____________

Answer 2

individual differences

Question 3

Descriptive statistics _______, _________, and ____________ large and unwieldy data sets

Answer 3

summarize, simplify, and describe

Question 4

Inferential statistics allow us to decide whether the sample data suggest that __________ ___________ exist

Answer 4

population differences

Question 5

Two groups of descriptive procedures

Answer 5

-frequency distributions
-graphical representations of data

Question 6

frequency distributions

Answer 6

organizational device used to simplify large data sets

Question 7

what data is cross tabulation used for? (2)

Answer 7

-nominal data
-ordered data

Question 8

what is cross tabulation?

Answer 8

a table that shows the frequency of participants who show each combination of characteristics

Question 9

what data is a frequency distribution used for?

Answer 9

score data

Question 10

grouped frequency distribution

Answer 10

lists the frequency of scores in equal-sized intervals (required for continuous variable)

Question 11

continuous variable

Answer 11

variable that can theoretically take on an infinite number of values

Question 12

What can graphs do?

Answer 12

clarify a data set by presenting the data visually

Question 13

central tendency

Answer 13

average or typical score in a distribution

Question 14

mode

Answer 14

most frequently occurring score in the distribution

Question 15

bimodal

Answer 15

distribution with two modes

Question 16

trimodal

Answer 16

distribution with three modes

Question 17

median

Answer 17

middle score in a distribution

Question 18

mean

Answer 18

arithmetic average of all of the scores