Chapter 5 : Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the two subdivision of the skeletal system?
Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
Bones, Joint, Ligaments and Cartilages
What is the Axial Skeleton?
Skull, Spine, Ribs
What is the Appendicular Skeleton?
Shoulders, Arms, Hips, Legs
What are the Functions of bones?
Protect, Support, Movement, Store, Blood (P)lease (S)end (M)e (S)ome (B)oobs
What are the two basic types of bone tissue
Compact bone
Spongy bone
What are the classifications of bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
What are long bones?
Shaft w/ heads on the ends
Mostly compact bone
What are examples of Long bones?
Femur, Humerus
What are short bones?
Cube shaped
Mostly spongy bone
What are examples of short bones?
Carpals, Tarsals
What are flat bones?
Thin and curved
2 thin layers of compact
Inside layer of spongy
What are examples of flat bones?
Skull, ribs, sternum
What are irregular bones?
Irregular shaped
Don’t fit classification
What are examples of irregular bones?
Vertebrae, Hip
What is the Diaphysis?
Inside shaft
Composed of compact bone
What is the epiphysis?
Inside ends of bones
Composed of spongy bone
What is the periosteum?
Covers diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue membrane
What are the sharpey’s Fibers?
Secure periosteum to underlying bone
What are arteries?
Supplies nutrients
What is the articular cartilage?
Covers surfaces of epiphyses
Hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction on joints
What is the Epiphyseal Plate?
Flat plate
Growing hyaline cartilage
(Children)
What is the Epiphyseal line?
Growing stopped
Adults
What is the Medullary cavity?
Shaft cavity
Yellow marrow ; fat (adults)
Red marrow;blood cell formation (infants)
What are the surface feature of bones?
Site of attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments
Nerve and blood vessel passages
What are the categories of bone markings?
Projections or Processes - grow out of bone surface (point out)
Depressions or Cavities- Indentations(deep groove)
What is the Osteon (Haversian system)?
A unit of bone
Contains central canal & matrix rings
What is the central (Haversian) canal?
Opening in center of Osteon
Carries blood vessels and nerves
