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PSA > Chapter 5 Shoulder > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

what do the axioscapular muscles do?

A

anchor the scapula to the posterior vertebral column and rib cage (axial skeleton)
- move the scapula in its movements

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2
Q

axioscapular muscles (5)

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae and rhomboids
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis minor
  • rhomboids
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3
Q

4 primary motions of the scapula in the frontal plane + transverse plane

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • abduction (protraction)
  • adduction (retraction)
    • upward rotation
    • downward rotation
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4
Q

protraction of the scapula =

A

abduction with anterior tilt

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5
Q

retraction of the scapula =

A

adduction with posterior tilt

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6
Q

upward rotation of the scapula =

A

elevation with abduction

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7
Q

downward rotation of the scapula =

A

depression with adduction

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8
Q

synergists

A
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9
Q

force couples

A
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10
Q

rotator cuff muscles (4)

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • teres minor
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11
Q

scapulohumeral muscles (4)

A
  • rotator cuff
  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • coracobrachialis (don’t really need to know within the group?)
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12
Q

what do the scapulohumeral muscles do?

A

connect the scapula to the proximal humerus

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13
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

create an anatomical cuff around the shoulder joint, enveloping the humeral head almost in its entirety (not really inferiorly)
- maintains functional integrity of GH joint
- promotes rotational movement at the GH joint

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14
Q

scapular dyskinesis

A

an alteration in the resting or active position of the scapula

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15
Q

scapular winging

A

weakness of the serratus anterior (is not stabilized against the rib cage)

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16
Q

subacromial impingement

A

compression of the soft tissues between the acromion and humeral head

17
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

A

the nerves of the brachial plexus become compressed between the clavicle and pectoralis minor insertion (slouched posture can be a cause)

18
Q

glenohumeral subluxation

A

the humeral head partially dislocates inferiorly due to hemiparesis causing gravity to pull downward on the arm without opposition from muscle force

19
Q

bicipital tendinitis

A

inflammation of the long head of the biceps due to repetitive shoulder flexion and rotator cuff weakness

20
Q

glenohumeral joint dislocation

A
  • repetitive activities involving end-range glenohumeral motion can elongate the joint capsule
  • force through the proximal humerus in a closed-chain weight bearing position can lead to dislocation
  • the labrum can also be damaged
21
Q

the thumb should always be :

A

UP!!!- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus

22
Q

don’t forget… what position should the thumb be in???

A

UP!!!

23
Q

joints of the shoulder (4)

A
  • scapulothoracic joint (
  • sternoclavicular joint (
  • acromioclavicular joint (
  • glenohumeral joint (
24
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A
  • gliding
  • biaxial
  • anterior/ posterior & superior/ inferior gliding
25
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A
  • saddle OR ball-and-socket
  • triaxial
  • don’t need to know all the movements
26
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A
  • atypical
  • atypical
  • gliding, rotation, tilt (all movements within these)
27
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A
  • ball-and-socket
  • triaxial
  • all movements
28
Q

the infraspinatus and teres minor are responsible for :

A

external rotation of the humerus

29
Q

the supraspinatus is responsible for :

A

abduction of the humerus

30
Q

the subscapularis is responsible for :

A

internal rotation of the humerus

31
Q

the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles form a _______ that allows them to pull in _______ directions to achieve the ______ motion

A
  • force couple
  • different
  • same
32
Q

most shoulders dislocate in a _____ direction

A

anterior

PSA (10 decks)

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