Chapter 5 Shoulder Flashcards
what do the axioscapular muscles do?
anchor the scapula to the posterior vertebral column and rib cage (axial skeleton)
- move the scapula in its movements
axioscapular muscles (5)
- trapezius
- levator scapulae and rhomboids
- serratus anterior
- pectoralis minor
- rhomboids
4 primary motions of the scapula in the frontal plane + transverse plane
- elevation
- depression
- abduction (protraction)
- adduction (retraction)
- upward rotation
- downward rotation
protraction of the scapula =
abduction with anterior tilt
retraction of the scapula =
adduction with posterior tilt
upward rotation of the scapula =
elevation with abduction
downward rotation of the scapula =
depression with adduction
synergists
force couples
rotator cuff muscles (4)
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
scapulohumeral muscles (4)
- rotator cuff
- deltoid
- teres major
- coracobrachialis (don’t really need to know within the group?)
what do the scapulohumeral muscles do?
connect the scapula to the proximal humerus
what do the rotator cuff muscles do?
create an anatomical cuff around the shoulder joint, enveloping the humeral head almost in its entirety (not really inferiorly)
- maintains functional integrity of GH joint
- promotes rotational movement at the GH joint
scapular dyskinesis
an alteration in the resting or active position of the scapula
scapular winging
weakness of the serratus anterior (is not stabilized against the rib cage)
subacromial impingement
compression of the soft tissues between the acromion and humeral head
thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
the nerves of the brachial plexus become compressed between the clavicle and pectoralis minor insertion (slouched posture can be a cause)
glenohumeral subluxation
the humeral head partially dislocates inferiorly due to hemiparesis causing gravity to pull downward on the arm without opposition from muscle force
bicipital tendinitis
inflammation of the long head of the biceps due to repetitive shoulder flexion and rotator cuff weakness
glenohumeral joint dislocation
- repetitive activities involving end-range glenohumeral motion can elongate the joint capsule
- force through the proximal humerus in a closed-chain weight bearing position can lead to dislocation
- the labrum can also be damaged
the thumb should always be :
UP!!!- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
don’t forget… what position should the thumb be in???
UP!!!
joints of the shoulder (4)
- scapulothoracic joint (
- sternoclavicular joint (
- acromioclavicular joint (
- glenohumeral joint (
acromioclavicular joint
- gliding
- biaxial
- anterior/ posterior & superior/ inferior gliding
sternoclavicular joint
- saddle OR ball-and-socket
- triaxial
- don’t need to know all the movements
scapulothoracic joint
- atypical
- atypical
- gliding, rotation, tilt (all movements within these)
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
- ball-and-socket
- triaxial
- all movements
the infraspinatus and teres minor are responsible for :
external rotation of the humerus
the supraspinatus is responsible for :
abduction of the humerus
the subscapularis is responsible for :
internal rotation of the humerus
the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles form a _______ that allows them to pull in _______ directions to achieve the ______ motion
- force couple
- different
- same
most shoulders dislocate in a _____ direction
anterior
