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HPRO 121 > Chapter 5 Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Flashcards

Key Terms and Definitions

1
Q

Sexuality

A

A dimension of personality shaped on biological, psychosocial, and cultural forces and concerning all aspects of sexual behavior.

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2
Q

Gonads

A

The primary reproductive organs that produce germ cells and sex hormones: the ovaries and testes.

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3
Q

Germ Cells

A

Sperm and ova (eggs).

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4
Q

Ovum

A

A germ cell produced by a female, which combines with a male germ cell to create a fetus.

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5
Q

Sperm

A

A germ cell produced by a male, which combines with a female germ cell to create a fetus.

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6
Q

Vulva

A

The external female genitals, or sex organs.

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7
Q

Clitoris

A

The highly sensitive female genital structure.

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8
Q

Prepuce

A

The foreskin of the clitoris or penis.

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9
Q

Urethra

A

The duct that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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10
Q

Vagina

A

The passage leading from the female genitals to the internal reproductive organs; the birth canal.

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11
Q

Cervix

A

The opening of the uterus in the upper part of the vagina.

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12
Q

Uterus

A

The hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the fertilized egg develops; the womb.

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13
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

A duct that guides a mature ovum for the ovary to the uterus; also called an oviduct.

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

The paired female reproductive glands that produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones; ovaries are the female gonads.

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15
Q

Penis

A

The male genital structure consisting of spongy tissue that becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement.

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16
Q

Scrotum

A

The loose sac of skin and muscle fibers that contains the testes.

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17
Q

Testis

A

One of two male gonads, the site of sperm production; plural, testes. Also called testicle.

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18
Q

Semen

A

The fluid that carries sperm out of the male penis during ejaculation.

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19
Q

Epididymis

A

A storage duct for maturing sperm, located on the surface of each testis.

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20
Q

Vas Deferens

A

A tube that carries sperm from the epididymis through the prostate gland to the seminal vesicles; plural, vasa deferentia.

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21
Q

Prostate Gland

A

A male reproductive organ; produces some of the fluid in semen, which helps transport and nourish sperm.

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22
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

A tube leading from the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct; secretes nutrients for the semen.

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23
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

A tube that carries mature sperm to the urethra so they can exit the body upon ejaculation.

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24
Q

Cowper’s Gland

A

In the male reproductive system, a small organ that produces pre-ejaculatory fluid.

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25
Q

Glans

A

The rounded head of the penis or the clitoris.

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26
Q

Circumcision

A

Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.

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27
Q

Androgens

A

Male sex hormones, produced by the testes.

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28
Q

Estrogens

A

A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that bring about sexual maturation at puberty and maintain reproductive functions.

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29
Q

Progestagens

A

A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that sustain reproductive functions.

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30
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Endocrine glands, located over the kidneys, that produce sex hormones.

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31
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

An endocrine glad at the base of the brain that produces hormones and regulates the release of hormones-including sex hormones- by other glands.

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32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A region of the brain above the pituitary gland whose hormones control the secretions of the pituitary; also involved in the control of many bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, and sexual function.

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33
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

The X and Y chromosomes, which determine and individual’s biological sex.

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34
Q

Testosterone

A

The most important male sex hormone; stimulates and embryo to develop into a male and induces the development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty.

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35
Q

Puberty

A

The period of biological maturation during adolescence; in this state of development, the individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction.

36
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

The monthly ovarian cycle, regulated by hormones; in the absence of pregnancy, menstruation occurs.

37
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual period, experience by most young women at some point during adolescence.

38
Q

Menses

A

The portion of the menstrual cycle characterized by menstrual flow.

39
Q

Follicle

A

A saclike structure within the ovary, in which an ovum matures.

40
Q

Endometrium

A

The lining of the uterus.

41
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of a mature ovum from an ovary.

42
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

The part of the ovarian follicle left after ovulation, which secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle.

43
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful or problematic menstruation.

44
Q

Premenstrual Tension

A

Mild physical and emotional changes associated with the time before the onset of menses.

45
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A

A disorder characterized by physical discomfort, psychological distress, and behavioral changes that begin after ovulation and cease when menstruation begins.

46
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A

A severe form of PMS, characterized by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships.

47
Q

Menopause

A

The cessation of menstruation, occurring gradually around age 50.

48
Q

Vasocongestion

A

The accumulation of blood in tissues and organs.

49
Q

Orgasm

A

The discharge of accumulated sexual tension with characteristic genital and bodily manifestations and a subjective sensation of intense pleasure.

50
Q

Sexual Dysfunction

A

A disturbance in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction.

51
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.

52
Q

Premature Ejaculation

A

Involuntary orgasm before or shortly after the penis enters the vagina or anus; ejaculation that takes place sooner than desired.

53
Q

Retarded Ejaculation

A

The inability to ejaculate when one wishes to during intercourse.

54
Q

Orgasmic Dysfunction

A

The inability to experience orgasm.

55
Q

Masturbation

A

Self-stimulation for the purpose of sexual arousal and orgasm.

56
Q

Celibacy

A

Continuous abstention from sexual activity.

57
Q

Autoeroticism

A

Behavior aimed at sexual self-stimulation.

58
Q

Erotic Fantasy

A

Sexually arousing thoughts and daydreams.

59
Q

Foreplay

A

Kissing, touching, and any form of oral or genital contact that stimulates people toward intercourse.

60
Q

Cunnilingus

A

Oral stimulation of the female genitals.

61
Q

Fellatio

A

Oral stimulation of the penis

62
Q

Sexual intercourse

A

Sexual relations involving genital union; also called coitus, and also known as making love.

63
Q

Sexual Coercion

A

The use of physical or psychological force or intimidation to make a person submit to sexual demands.

64
Q

Pornography

A

The explicit or obscene depiction of sexual activities in pictures, writing, or other material.

65
Q

Cybersex

A

Erotic interaction between people over the internet; also called virtual sex.

66
Q

Prostitution

A

The exchange of sexual services for money.

67
Q

Fertilization

A

The initiation of biological reproduction: the union of the nucleus of an egg cell with the nucleus of a sperm cell.

68
Q

Fertilized Egg

A

The egg after penetration by a sperm; a zygote.

69
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity; a section of a chromosome containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein.

70
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs; such twins are not genetically identical.

71
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins who develop from the division of a single zygote; such twins are genetically identical.

72
Q

Infertility

A

The inability to conceive after trying for a year or more.

73
Q

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

A

Advanced medical techniques used to treat infertility.

74
Q

Artificial (intrauterine) Insemination

A

The introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means.

75
Q

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

A

Combining eggs and sperm outside the body and inserting one or more fertilized eggs into the uterus.

76
Q

Infant Mortality

A

The death of a child at less than 1 year of age.

77
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

The sudden death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep.

78
Q

Labor

A

The act or process of giving birth to a child, expelling it with the placenta from the mother’s body by means of uterine contractions.

79
Q

Contraction

A

Shortening of the muscles in the uterine wall, which causes effacement and dilation of the cervix and assists in expelling the fetus.

80
Q

Transition

A

The last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dilated; characterized by intense and frequent contractions.

81
Q

Apgar Score

A

A formalized system for assessing a newborn’s need for medical assistance.

82
Q

Cesarean Section

A

A surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus, performed to deliver a fetus.

83
Q

Postpartum Period

A

The period of about three months after delivering a baby.

84
Q

Lactation

A

The production of milk.

85
Q

Colostrum

A

A yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands around the time of childbirth until milk comes in, about the third day.

86
Q

Postpartum Depression

A

An emotional low that may be experienced by the mother following childbirth.

HPRO 121 (3 decks)

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