Chapter 5 Quiz Flashcards
activity to obtain relevant information regarding the specified research questions or objectives
data collection
4 research instruments
- questionnaires
- tests
- interviews
- observation
3 types of questionnaires
- structured
- unstructured
- semi structured
closed ended questions ; student profile
structured questionnaires
open ended questions
unstructured questionnaires
both closed ended and open ended questionnaires
semi structured questionnaires
questionnaire methods
- face to face
- online method
used mainly for assessing various skills and types of behavior as well as describing certain characteristics
test
scored uniformly across different areas and groups
standardized tests
administered to specific sets of people
non standardized tests
cloze test, identification, and enumeration
recall questions
multiple choice, matching
recognition questions
non performance, performance
open-ended questions
method of collecting data about an individual’s behaviors, opinions, values, emotions, and demographic characteristics usinf numerical data
interview
allows the researcher to examine an actual phenomenon or behavior of a subject or participant
observation
alter their behavior due to their awareness
hawthorne effect
provides more reliable data because they are obtained through a structured and well defined process
controlled observation
does not control the circumstances
natural observation
allows researchers to become a member of the group or community
participant observation
document that provieds the participants with the information they need in deciding whether they will participate or not
informed consent form
involves editing, coding, tabulating, and summarizing information through graphs and tables
data processing technique
gathered data are checked for consistency, accuracy, organization, and clarity
editing
gathered data are classified into categories, numerals, symbols, or other systems of labeling
coding
raw data are condensed into a more compact form; table is used
tabulating
graphic or usual representations of sets of data or information
non prose materials
help condense and classify information using columns and rows (boxhead and stub)
tables
focus on immediately representing how a change in one variable relates to another
graphs
contains vertical and horizontal bars and comparisons of amounts and quantities
bar graph
shows trends and changes in the data
line graph
shows the relationship of parts to a whole, usually in percentages an proportions
circle or pie graph
2 types of statistical tests
parametrics test
non parametric test
number of assumptions; more than 30; ratio or interval
parametric
few or no assumptions; lower than 30; ordinal or nominal
non parametric test
identify whichh statistical info is most important
data gathering
use of statistical tests to address research questions
data analysis
parametrics stat method used for determining whether there is a linear relationship
pearson’s r
non parametrics stat method that tests the relationship between ordinal variables
spearman’s rho
tests differences among the means of more than two groups of samples
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
test differences among groups concerning one variable
one way
tests relationships between 2 nominal IV and 1 interval or continuous DV
two way
parametrics stat method that test the difference between two means
t test
paired t tests; sample groups highly related to each other
two dependent samples
tests the difference between data sets from 2 different groups
two independent samples
process of determining whether there is a sufficient statisticL evidence to support your hypothesis
hypothesis testing
the probability value that must be reached before the findings obtained will be statistically significant
alpha level
value that must be reached before rejecting the H0
alpha level
alpha level for social sciences
0.05
alpha level for sciences
0.01 or 0.001
the value that determines whether to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis
test statistic
how extrene the findings must be leaning to the Ha
p value approach
