Chapter 5: Psychoanalytic Theories

Question 1

Eros

Answer 1

A.k.a. Libido. This refers to our sexual energy/desire/ arousal, as well as or creativity/desire to create. Eros can be redirected to create life, but also art, music, conversation, culinary, etc.

Question 2

Thanatos

Answer 2

This refers to our desire to destroy and corrupt. This energy is not necessarily evil. It can be redirected to competitive sports or games.

Question 3

Oral Stage

Answer 3

Between birth and age 2. At this stage, we get our pleasure from oral stimulation.

Question 4

Anal Stage

Answer 4

Ages 2 to 3. This is the stage in which people learn to control their bowels/bladder. If this stage is disrupted, anal fixation will appear, meaning the individual will develop a strong need for control.

Question 5

Phallic Stage

Answer 5

Ages 3 to 7. At this stage, social comparisons begin to be made. This is also when people start to notice genitalia differences. Freud believed this is where/when penis envy develops, and the inferiority complex appears.

Question 6

Latency Stage

Answer 6

Ages 7 to 11. This is when school and intellectual pursuits develop.

Question 7

Genital Stage

Answer 7

Ages 11 and up. This is the stage where sexuality develops and people develop opinions on sex/intercourse.

Question 8

Repression

Answer 8

The information is not something you want to remember, hence you do not. It is developed to be kept down in the unconscious.

Question 9

Suppression

Answer 9

The information is pushed down to the preconscious/subconscious. It is something you are aware of, but do not want to think about. Guilt makes this information come back to the conscious.

Question 10

Denial

Answer 10

Refusing to admit the truth/acknowledging or accept the truth.

Question 11

Projection

Answer 11

Placing blame on others for the wrong you have done, or traits you are insecure about in yourself.

Question 12

Displacement

Answer 12

Redirecting your anger from one person or thing onto others who do not deserve it/did no wrong. Displacement may also include anger/stress eating and “drinking your problems away” as you are taking your anger out on your stomach or liver.

Question 13

Regression

Answer 13

Acting like your younger self. Regressing to a younger level of maturity.

Question 14

Reaction Formation

Answer 14

An amplified version of projection, although instead of simply placing blame, you are taking it a step further by going out to hurt and prosecute others you are projecting on.

Question 15

Anticipation

Answer 15

Setting your expectations low, and over-expecting the negative/losses. This leads to constant relief when things exceed expectations, but the individual is never happy or thrilled, just relieved.

Question 16

Humour

Answer 16

Laughing things off such as with self-deprecating jokes.

Question 17

Sublimination

Answer 17

Adaptive defence, as anxiety is redirected out through exercise, or a creative outlet, or in a productive way.

Question 18

Carl Jung

Answer 18

Believed in a collective unconscious. The collective unconscious was essentially our cultural/societal norms, and allow us to understand our world better through shared archetypes (stereotypes/tropes/cliches).

Question 19

Alfred Adler

Answer 19

Advocated birth order and its effect on personality.