Chapter 5: Probability Flashcards
What is an experiment?
An experiment is a repeatable process that gives rise to a number of outcomes.
What is a sample space?
A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes.
What does the intersection of A and B represent?
It represents the event that both A and B occur — the shared area between A and B in a Venn diagram.
What does the union of A and B represent?
It represents the event that either A or B, or both, occur — the entire area covered by A and B.
What is the complement of A?
The complement of A represents the event that A does not occur.
What are mutually exclusive events?
When events have no outcomes in common they are mutually exclusive: the closed curves do not overlap in a Venn diagram.
What is the equation which confirms that an event is mutually exclusive?
For mutually exclusive events, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).
What are independent events?
When one event has no effect on the other, they are independent. Therefore, if A and B are independent, the probability of A happening is the same whether or not B happens.
What is the equation which confirms that an event is independent?
For independent events, P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B).
