Chapter 5 Principals Of Water

Question 1

Freezing point of water

Boiling point of water

Answer 1

F. Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit(0 degrees Celsius)

B. Above 212 degrees Fahrenheit(100 Celsius)

Question 2

For fire protection purposes, ordinary fresh water is considered to weigh how much pounds per cubic foot?

How much per gallon?

Answer 2

62. 4 lb/ cubic foot

8. 3 lbs per gallon

Question 3

Do Combustible liquids with specific gravity greater than one sink or float above water?

Where does gasoline fall?

Answer 3

If it’s greater than one it will sink below water.

Gasoline specific gravity is 0.72 so it sits on top water.

Question 4

Once water is converted to steam, it occupies approximately how much more times it’s originally volume?

Answer 4

1700

Question 5

Water can be reactive with?

Answer 5

Combustible metals

Sodium metal

Certain fuels

Triethyl aluminum

Question 6

In this book , pressure is defined as?

It is easily confused with?

Answer 6

Force per unit area

Force

Question 7

Atmospheric pressure is greatest at blank altitudes and least at blank altitudes

Answer 7

Low altitudes and higher altitudes

Question 8

A pressure of 1 psi makes a clum of mercury about how tall?

How tall is a column of mercury at sea level?

Answer 8

2. 04 inches

2. 04*14.7= 29.9 inches tall

Question 9

Any pressure less than atmospheric pressure is called….

Answer 9

Vacuum

Question 10

Describe head pressure

For every one foot increase in elevation, how much psi is gained?

Answer 10

Refers to the height of a water supply above the discharge

.434 psi

Question 11

Stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, hose, and adapters.

Answer 11

Static pressure

Question 12

The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands

Answer 12

Normal operating pressure

Question 13

The difference between static pressure and normal operating pressure is the…

Answer 13

Friction caused by water flowing through the pipes, valves, and fittings of the system

Question 14

The portion of the total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through the pipes, fittings, hose, and adapters

Answer 14

Residual pressure

Question 15

Above how many feet sea level must pumpers work increasingly harder to produce proper pressures?

At sea level atmospheric pressure decreases .5 psi for every how many feet?

Answer 15

Above 2,000 feet. Because there is
less Atmospheric pressure. Because the less dense atmospheric pressure reduces a pumpers effective lift when drafting

1000’

Question 16

When hoses are the same, friction loss varies approximately with the square of…

Answer 16

The increase in the velocity of the flow

Question 17

When the flow remains constant, the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter in a hose…

Answer 17

Is increased

Question 18

When comparing friction loss in different size hoses, you multiply the diameter of each hose to what power and then divided those results.

Answer 18

To the fifth power

3inch hose vs. 4 inch hose

3^5/4^5 equals 243/1000=.24

So a 4 inch hose only has a quarter of the friction loss of a 3 inch hose.

Or 76 percent reduction in friction loss by using the 4 inch hose.

Question 19

Uses one or more pumps that takes water from the primary source and discharges it through the filtration and treatment processes.

Answer 19

Direct pumping system

Question 20

Uses a primary water source located higher than the distribution system.

Answer 20

Gravity system

Question 21

Most communities use this water system. It’s the gravity and direct pumping put together

Answer 21

Combination system

Question 22

What are two things that may be added to water at a treatment center?

Answer 22

Fluoride or ozone

Question 23

What are the main concerns for the fire department when it comes to water treatment facilities?

Answer 23

Natural disasters, loss of power, or a fire, etc. could hamper the pumps ability to send water

Inability of the treatment center to process water fast enough to meet demand

Question 24

There is much less pressure loss in a water distribution system when water…

Answer 24

Fire hydrants are supplied from two or more directions

Question 25

When a hydrant receives water from 2 or more directions

Answer 25

It has a circulating feed or a looped line

Question 26

A distribution system that provides circulation by feed from several mains constitutes a ?

Answer 26

Grid

Question 27

Name the three parts of a grid and which one feeds the hydrants?

Answer 27

Primary feeders

Secondary feeders

Distributors- serve individual hydrants and blocks of consumers

Question 28

How Often should valves be operated to keep them in good condition? This is for valves distributed throughout the grid system.

Answer 28

Once a year

Question 29

Name two common indicating type valves

Answer 29

Post indicator valve

Outside screw and yoke valve

Question 30

For an outside stem and yoke valve the threaded portion of the stem is out of the yoke when the valve is open or closed?

Where is this type of valve most commonly used?

Answer 30

Closed

Sprinkler systems

Question 31

These are The most common type of valves used on most public water distribution

Where are they most normally installed on a water distribution system?

Answer 31

Non-indicating valves

Valve boxes or manholes

Question 32

Encrustations and sedimentation of pipes can be reduced by?

Answer 32

Flushing hydrants periodically

Question 33

What is the Average daily consumption ADC?

Answer 33

It is the average amount of water used per day based on the total amount of water used in a water distribution system over the period of one year

Question 34

What is the maximum daily consumption?

Answer 34

It is the maximum total amount of water that is used during any 24 hour interval within a three-year period. Unusual situations such as refilling a reservoir cleaning should not be considered in determining the max daily consumption.

Question 35

What is the peak hourly consumption? PHC

Answer 35

It is the maximum amount of water used in any one hour interval over the course of a day