Chapter 5-Predicting Behavior And Identifying Containers Flashcards
GEMBO
Describe how hazardous materials are accidentally released from their containers and how they behave after release
A material’s ______ will influence how a container behaves when damaged or ruptured
Chemical and physical properties
The initial survey should answer questions about :
The hazardous materials involved and how they are likely to behave
GEMBO assumes 3 things
- Material presents hazard
- Container has failed or has potential to
- Exposure or potential exposure to people/environment/ property
Common sequence of hazmat incidents (6 things)
Stress Breach Release Dispersion/engulf Exposure/contact Harm
Limits of recovery
Container’s design strength or ability to hold contents at pressure. When stressed beyond this it BREACHES
Runaway cracking
Two or more large pieces or tears. Commonly associated with BLEVE
Releases are classified according to:
How fast they occur
Detonation
Instant and explosive
Violent rupture
Immediate release of energy caused by runaway cracks
One second or less
Hemispheric release
Semicircle or dome-shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material that is still partially in contact with ground or water
Generally result of rapid release
Dispersion of energy affected by terrain and cloud cover
Plume
Irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material influenced by wind and or topography
Which dispersion is indiscriminate deposit of hazardous materials such as that carried by responders?
Irregular
General time frames for contacts
Immediate: milliseconds
Short-term: minutes/hours
Medium term: days, weeks, months
Long term: years, generations
3 mechanisms of harm
Energy release
Corrosivity
Toxicity
Dispersion pattern of liquids dependent on
Product and container
Which types of tanks typically release products as gases and vapors during rapid release events, slow leak from valves or violent ruptures?
Pressure tanks
Flammable and combustible liquids typically stored in
Low pressure tanks
What type of tank commonly used for bulk storage in conjunction with fuel dispensing operations?
Horizontal
Cargo tank specifications are usually found on
Roadside/driver side of vehicle near the landing gear
Asphalt and milk are examples of
Nonregulated hazards
Multiple compartments are likely found in
No pressure cargo tanks
Most commonly corrosive liquid tanks involved in releases such as
Liquid spills or leaks
Compressed gas/ tube trailers
Transport individual steel cylinders stacked and mounted together
Hazardous solids are transported in
Dry bulk cargo containers
Cryogenic liquid tank cars are tracked as time sensitive because
Insulation and vacuum only protects contents 30 days
Low pressure tank cars may transport
Organic peroxides
Reactive solids
Wine
poison
HHFT trains transport
Multiple low pressure tank cars carrying ethanol, crude oil and other class 3 products
Coal, sand and gravel most likely transported in which type of rail car?
Uncovered hopper cars
Reporting marks on a tank car
Both sides (to the left when facing the side) and both ends (upper center) of the car
Pressure intermodal tanks
Less common
Transports liquefied gases under pressure
100-500 psi
Low pressure intermodal tank
Most common
May have pressure as high as 100 psi
International intermodal markings
Right hand side when you face from either the sides or ends
Which container includes two valves - one to vapor space and other to liquid space?
Ton container
Evaluate PPE for effectiveness during incidents involving Ton containers because…
They often contain highly toxic and corrosive products
Y cylinder/ y ton
Have two specifications depending on size
Often used for refrigerants
This packaging is used to transport materials with limited radioactivity that present no or low risk to public …
Excepted
This package is not identified on packaging or shipping papers and may contain items with limited hazard such as smoke detectors and lab samples
Industrial
These packages must withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents.
Type B
This type has ability to withstand series of tests without releasing content . Radio pharmaceuticals
Type A
Rare packages used for high activity materials including plutonium transported by aircraft
Type C
Pipeline pigs
Allow a pipeline to carry multiple products separately
Which type of container may be considered flexible or rigid and is often called a tote?
Intermediate bulk container
Flexible intermodal bulk containers are often made of?
Fabric or other textiles
Large plastic or glass bottle encased in a basket or box primarily used to transport corrosive liquids ?
Carboy or jerrican
Metal drums typically carry?
Flammable sand solvents
LOX leak on asphalt can make the asphalt…
Shock sensitive
These tanks typically have stiffening rings..
Low pressure chemical tank truck
Flammable liquids, mild corrosive some toxics/poison
What is a primary concern at non pressure cargo tank incidents?
Fire control
