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Pre-AP Biology > Chapter 5- Populations > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Populations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a “trophic cascade”?

A

The impact of the removal of a top consumer

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2
Q

What will happen to prey if the predator is removed?

A

The prey population will increase

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3
Q

What will happen to the producers if the predators are removed?

A

They will decrease because of the over population of prey.

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4
Q

What are some of the population characteristics???

A

range (geographic distribution), density (# per area), growth rate (rate of increase or decrease), and age structure

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5
Q

What is “Exponential Growth”?

A

growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.

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6
Q

What is “Logistic Growth”?

A

growth pattern in which a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.

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7
Q

What is “Carrying Capacity”?

A

largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support.

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8
Q

What is “Limiting Factor”?

A

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease

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9
Q

What is a “Density- Dependant Limiting Factors”?

A

limiting factor that depends on population size.

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10
Q

What happens to a population’s growth after it reaches the carrying capacity?

A

The population growth decreases because the population’s resources start to decline and competition starts.

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11
Q

What is a “Predator- Prey Relationship”?

A

mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation.

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12
Q

What is “Demography”?

A

scientific study of human populations.

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13
Q

What are “Demographic Transitions”?

A

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

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14
Q

What is the “Age-Structure Diagram”?

A

graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population.

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15
Q

Explain how population can possibly exceed its carrying capacity?

A

A population can exceed its carrying capacity by having ideal conditions

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16
Q

What happens when birth-rate = death rate?

A

The population will remain constant, creating a plateau, if the birth and death rates are equal.

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17
Q

What are the 3 determining factors of population growth rate???

A

Birth rate, death rate, and migration (emigration and immigration)

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18
Q

What occurs when individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, multiplying the number of reproducing individuals.

A

Exponential population growth

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19
Q

Under ideal conditions and with unlimited resources, a population will grow __________.(J-shaped graph)

A

exponentially

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20
Q

As resources become less available, population growth slows or stops after a period of exponential growth forming which type of graph.

A

Logistic growth (S-shaped graph)

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21
Q

What can humans do to decrease an animal population

A

Relocate animals and introduce predators

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22
Q

What is a limiting nutrient

A

a single nutrient that is either scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.
ex: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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23
Q

What is competition???

A

Fighting over important resources such as food, water, shelter, space, sunshine, and mates.

24
Q

How could a predator increase the population of another species in its habitat?

A

The predator can increase the population of another species in its habitat by eliminating it’s predator.

25
Q

What is predation???

A

The predators (hunters) when catching prey (hunted) and the relationship between the populations of the predators and the prey.

26
Q

Why would a contagious virus be considered a density dependent limiting factor?

A

A contagious virus is density-dependent because if the person with the virus stays alone, the virus will not spread. This is because viruses depend on a host.

27
Q

What are renewable resources???

A

resources that can be regenerated quickly and is replaceable.
ex: trees, hydro-energy, solar energy

28
Q

What shape line does exponential growth create?

A

J

29
Q

What shape line does logistic growth create?

A

S

30
Q

What type of line is linear growth?

A

Horizontal

31
Q

LOOK OVER GRAPH SHEET

A

:)

32
Q

What are non-renewable resources?

A

A resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes.

ex: fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas

33
Q

What is the MOST likely outcome if a population grows larger than the carrying capacity?

A

Increase in death rate will occur because of low resources.

34
Q

What is gestation?

A

The amount of time from conception to birth.

35
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments.

36
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring.

37
Q

What is the “Independent Factor”?

A

the factor or condition that is changed or manipulated (factor being tested) `

38
Q

What is the “Dependent Factor”?

A

the factor being measured as a result of the independent variable.

39
Q

What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

A

Immigration- organisms into a population

Emigration- organisms leaving a population

40
Q

When does logistic growth occur?

A

When a population reaches the carrying capacity and encounters limiting factors.

41
Q

List the levels of organisation.

A

1) organism 2) population 3) community 4)ecosystem

5) biome 6) biosphere

42
Q

What are the two main commodities?

A

sunlight and matter (nutrients)

43
Q

What is the “control”?

A

the test set up except the factor or condition being tested.

44
Q

Arrows show what in a food web?

A

The flow of energy

45
Q

What is a chemoautotroph?

A

Bacteria at the bottom of the ocean, where sunlight doesn’t reach, that oxidizes inorganic compounds, forming the bottom of the food chain.

46
Q

What is the “constant”?

A

all the factors that are kept the same throughout the test groups.

47
Q

What is the effect of a limited resource on a population?

A

Competition would occur to get that resource and the population would decrease.

48
Q

What is a food chain?

A

the series transfers through consumption

49
Q

What is a food web?

A

a network of food chains

50
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

a step in the food chain

51
Q

What determines the length of a food chain?

A

energy

52
Q

What are pyramids?

A

Pyramids are diagrams that show the relative amounts of energy or matter at each trophic level of food chains and food webs.

53
Q

What does the energy pyramid depict?

A

the amount of energy at each trophic level and 10% is passed to each level and the rest is lost by heat

54
Q

How can you account for the fact that the human population has grown more rapidly during the past 500 years than throughout its previous history?

A

In the past 500 years, humans have been living in ideal conditions. Medicine has gotten stronger, causing a decrease in disease. Also technology has gotten stronger, being able to identify more harmful agents inside the body.

55
Q

What is the biomass pyramid?

A

shows the amount of potential food available in each trophic level

56
Q

What is biomass?

A

the amount of tissue within a trophic level

57
Q

What does the numbers pyramid show?

A

shows the number of individuals at each trophic level

Pre-AP Biology (1 decks)

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