Chapter 5, pgs 134-139: Function, Classification, & Structure

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

The bones of the limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

Question 3

Skeleton system includes…

Answer 3

• Joints
  -Cartilages
  -Ligaments

Question 4

Support

Answer 4

-Forms the internal framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs

Question 5

Protection

Answer 5

Protect soft body organs
Ex: skull to brain, vertebrae to spinal cord, and rib cage to thorax

Question 6

Movement

Answer 6

Skeletal muscles, attached to bones by tendons, use the bone Xmas as levers to move the body and it’s parts

Question 7

Storage

Answer 7

• Fat is stored in the internal (marrow cavities of bones
  -Houses minerals, calcium and phosophorus

Question 8

Blood cell formation (Hematopoiesis)

Answer 8

Occurs within the marrow of cavities of certain bones

Question 9

Compact bone

Answer 9

Dense and looks smooth and homogeneous

Question 10

Spongy bone

Answer 10

Composed of needlike pieces of bone and lots of open space

Question 11

Long bones

Answer 11

-Shaft with w/ heads at both ends
-Mostly compact bone
Ex: all the bones of the limbs are long bones, EXCEPT the patella, wrist and ankle bones

Question 12

Short bones

Answer 12

-Cube shaped
-Contain mostly spongy bone
- Ex: The bones of the wrist and ankle
-Sesamoid bones: form w/ tendons (patella)

Question 13

Flat bones

Answer 13

-Thin, flattened and usually curved
-Thin 2 layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them
Ex: Bones of skull, ribs, and sternum

Question 14

Irregular bones

Answer 14

-Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories
Ex: The vertebrae

Question 15

Diaphysis (In long bone)

Answer 15

-Makes up most of bone’s length
-Composed of compact bone

Question 16

Periosteum

Answer 16

A fibrous coomnnective tissue membrane that overs and protects the diaphysis

Question 17

Perforating/Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 17

-100 of connective tissue fibers
-Secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

Question 18

Epiphyses

Answer 18

-The ends of long bones
-Contains a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area w/ spongy bone

Question 19

Articulate cartilage

Answer 19

-Covers the external surface of epiphyses
-Glassy hyaline cartilage=smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces

Question 20

Epiphyseal line

Answer 20

-Thin layer of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis
-Remnant of epiphyseal plate

Question 21

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 21

-A flat plate of hyaline cartilage
-Seen in young growing bones
-Cause the lengthwise growth of a bone
-By end of puberty= replaced by bone

Question 22

Endosteum

Answer 22

The inner bony surface of the shaft is covered by this
- Delicate cone tube tissue lining

Question 23

Yellow marrow or medullary cavity

Answer 23

In adults, the cavity of the shaft is primarily a storage area for adipose (fat) tissue

Question 24

Red marrow

Answer 24

In infants, the medullary cavity /the shaftblood cells form there
-In adults, it’s confined to the cavities in the spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphysis of some long bones ‘

Question 25

Osteocytes

Answer 25

Found within the matrix in tiny cavities, lacunae

Question 26

Lacunae

Answer 26

Arranged in concentric circles called lamellae

Question 27

Lamellae

Answer 27

Around central (Haversian) canals

Question 28

Osteon

Answer 28

Each complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings

Question 29

Haversian system

Answer 29

Central canals run lengthwise through the bony matrix, carrying blood vessels and nerves to all areas of the bone

Question 30

Canaliculi

Answer 30

Tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to lacunae (transportation system)