Chapter 5, pgs 134-139: Function, Classification, & Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The bones of the limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

Skeleton system includes…

A
  • Joints
    -Cartilages
    -Ligaments
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4
Q

Support

A

-Forms the internal framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs

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5
Q

Protection

A

Protect soft body organs
Ex: skull to brain, vertebrae to spinal cord, and rib cage to thorax

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6
Q

Movement

A

Skeletal muscles, attached to bones by tendons, use the bone Xmas as levers to move the body and it’s parts

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7
Q

Storage

A
  • Fat is stored in the internal (marrow cavities of bones
    -Houses minerals, calcium and phosophorus
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8
Q

Blood cell formation (Hematopoiesis)

A

Occurs within the marrow of cavities of certain bones

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9
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense and looks smooth and homogeneous

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10
Q

Spongy bone

A

Composed of needlike pieces of bone and lots of open space

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11
Q

Long bones

A

-Shaft with w/ heads at both ends
-Mostly compact bone
Ex: all the bones of the limbs are long bones, EXCEPT the patella, wrist and ankle bones

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12
Q

Short bones

A

-Cube shaped
-Contain mostly spongy bone
- Ex: The bones of the wrist and ankle
-Sesamoid bones: form w/ tendons (patella)

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13
Q

Flat bones

A

-Thin, flattened and usually curved
-Thin 2 layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them
Ex: Bones of skull, ribs, and sternum

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14
Q

Irregular bones

A

-Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories
Ex: The vertebrae

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15
Q

Diaphysis (In long bone)

A

-Makes up most of bone’s length
-Composed of compact bone

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16
Q

Periosteum

A

A fibrous coomnnective tissue membrane that overs and protects the diaphysis

17
Q

Perforating/Sharpey’s fibers

A

-100 of connective tissue fibers
-Secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

18
Q

Epiphyses

A

-The ends of long bones
-Contains a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area w/ spongy bone

19
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

-Covers the external surface of epiphyses
-Glassy hyaline cartilage=smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces

20
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

-Thin layer of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis
-Remnant of epiphyseal plate

21
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

-A flat plate of hyaline cartilage
-Seen in young growing bones
-Cause the lengthwise growth of a bone
-By end of puberty= replaced by bone

22
Q

Endosteum

A

The inner bony surface of the shaft is covered by this
- Delicate cone tube tissue lining

23
Q

Yellow marrow or medullary cavity

A

In adults, the cavity of the shaft is primarily a storage area for adipose (fat) tissue

24
Q

Red marrow

A

In infants, the medullary cavity /the shaftblood cells form there
-In adults, it’s confined to the cavities in the spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphysis of some long bones ‘

25
Q

Osteocytes

A

Found within the matrix in tiny cavities, lacunae

26
Q

Lacunae

A

Arranged in concentric circles called lamellae

27
Q

Lamellae

A

Around central (Haversian) canals

28
Q

Osteon

A

Each complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings

29
Q

Haversian system

A

Central canals run lengthwise through the bony matrix, carrying blood vessels and nerves to all areas of the bone

30
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to lacunae (transportation system)

31
Q
A
32
Q
A