Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 361 Lab Exam #2 > Chapter 5 Pg 40-42 and 66-83 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Pg 40-42 and 66-83 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are 5 connective tissues?

A
  1. Bone 2. cartilege 3. fibrous connective tissue 4. adipose 5. blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 specialzed connective tissues that constitute the skeletal system?

A

bone and cartilege

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are two examples of general connective tissue?

A

tendon and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the fundamental cell of bone?

A

osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the fundamental cell of cartilege?

A

chondrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All bone and most types of cartilage are surrounded by a similar appearing coat of ——– ——– ———

A

fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The fibrous connective tissues is termed what when surrounding bone and what when surrounding cartilege?

A

bone= periosteum cartlage= perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of cartilege is this?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what kind of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what kind of cartilage is this?

A

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage, found at the tips of ribs, within developing bones and at the ends of bones where it forms a smooth surface and thus assists the gliding motion of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can you see in fibrocartilage that you can’t in the other 2?

A

collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In all three cartilages you can see what?

A

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which is the least flexible cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage. thus it is funds in areas that experience tensile and shear forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most flexible cartilage? why? where is it found?

A

elastic cartilage due to the elastic fibers within the matrix. It is found at sites where flexible support is required such as the end of the nose, epiglottis and pinna of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if position is used to classify bones then what are the 2 kinds?

If visual appearance is used what 2 kinds are there?

If embryonic origin is used what are the 3 kinds?

A
  1. cortical bone- outer boundary
  2. Medullary bones- lies within the core.
  3. canceullous= spongy
  4. compact bones= appears dense
  5. Endochondral bone= most complicated; involved the formation of cartilage model of the future bones from menschyme and the subsequent replacement of this cartilage model by bone tissue.
  6. Dermal bone: forms directly from mesenchyme without a cartilage precursor.
  7. Sesamoid bones: form within tendons and are not proceeded by a cartilage model.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in the skull what are the bones, in terms of embryonic origin?

A

chondrocranium and splanchnocranium are endochondral and dermatocranium is dermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

details of chondrocranium embryonic formation differ among species but generally what occurs?

A

head mesenchyme condenses into cartilage elements which will fuse to form the embryonic chondrocranium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In elasmobranchs this cartilagenous skull persists, develops a roof and becomes the adult braincase. However, in most vertberates these cartilagenous plates are transitory. Centers of ossification soon appear, replace the cartilage and give rise to species bones of the mature skull. These bones include what?

A
  1. occipitals (basi-, ex-, supra-)
  2. sphenoids
  3. Mesethmoid
  4. Otic capsule
  5. Optic capsule (birds, reptiles)
  6. nasal capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the splanchnocranium generally supports what?

A

the gills and offers attachment for the respiratory muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

elements of the splanchnocraium contrubute to what in gnathostomes and what in mammals?

A

gnathostomes= jaws and hyoid apparatus

mammals= inner ear bones

23
Q

phylogenetically dermatocranium bones first appeared as?

A

appeared as enlarged bony armor in ostracoderms, they sunk inward and became appplied to the chondrocranium and splanchnocranium. They also contribute to the pectoral girdle.

24
Q

palatoquadrate element of the first mandibular arch gives rise to what?

A

quadrate and epipterygoid

25
Q

Meckels cartilage gives rise to what?

A

the articular.

26
Q

the second hyoid arch gives rise to what?

A

hyomandibula and its homologues stapes

27
Q

the six regions of dermal bone identified earlier form natural groupins that make learning their names easier. These groups are what?

A
  1. Facial
  2. Vault
  3. orbital:
  4. temporal
  5. palatal
  6. Mandibular
28
Q

`the shark skull is entirely ——— being derived from the ————— with gill arh contribitions from the ———-

A

cartilagenous/endochranium/splanchnocranium

29
Q

vertebrates with jaws are called what?

A

gnathostomes

30
Q

vertebrate jaws evolved through modification of what? Powerful muscles which function in the closing of the jaws are derivatives of what?

A

anterior gill arches

branchial arch musculature

31
Q

in the shark how many gill or branchial arches are there? the last - are known as gill or branchial arches and are similar

A

7

5

32
Q

each of the gill or branchial arches contain up to 5 elements which dorsal to ventral are…

A
  1. pharyngobranchial, a posteriorly directed split like element that les next to the vertebrale column.
  2. epibranchial, a stout piece that together with the next, longer…
  3. ceratobranchial, bear finger life hill rays to support gills.
  4. Hypobranchial represented by three short peices on the anterior three branchial arches.
  5. basibranchials, seen the best advanage in ventral view are unpaired
33
Q

the second arch is also called what?

A

hyoid arch

34
Q

the hyoid contains what?

A

a single, midventral piece, the basihyal which articulates on each end with a slender bar called ceratohyal. above each of these is the robust hyomandibular which articulates and is a site of majpr attachment and is thought to be a suspensor for the lower jaw.

35
Q

the first gill arch is also called what?

A

mandibular arch.

36
Q

the —– arch is the most modified member of the gill arch series and forms the tooth bearing upper and lower shark jaws.

A

mandibular

37
Q

the ventral half of the mandibular arch is what?

Often preserved and still attached to the meckels cartilage is a slender, antennaelike procees called what?

the dorsal half of the first arch consists of a pair of substantial pieces called what which form the upper law of the shark?

A

meckels cartilage

labial cartilage

palatoquadrate

38
Q

in the bowfin the lower jaw is made up of three dermal bones viewed laterally, what are they?

A
  1. dentary- forms the middle and anterior half of the lower jaw. It bears the external row of lower teeth.
  2. angular- found just posterior to the dentary. Triangular.
  3. surangular- dorsal to the angular and is small and silver
39
Q

Bowfin: the quadrate extends laterallly to artciulate with the medial, posterior corner of the ———

A

angular

40
Q

only what jaw bone in alligators bear teeth?

A

dentary bone

41
Q

Alligator: where does the articular derive from?

A

derived from the posterior of meckels cartilage

42
Q

alligator: what is the only cartilage bone of the lower jaw?

A

articular

43
Q

the hyoid apparatus derives from what?

A

from parts of the hyoid arch and remaining gill arches.

44
Q

two major landmarks on the turtle skull are what?

A

the external nares and the two orbits.

45
Q

the lower jaw is composed of how many bones and what is the bones name?

A

2 madibles, left and right

46
Q

the lower jaw of a bird contains how many fused bones?

A

6 or 7

47
Q

generally the skull of the cat divides into 2 regions:

A
  1. the facial region bearing eyes and nose
  2. and the posterior cranial region enclosing the brain and the middle and inner ears.
48
Q

in the upper jaw of the cat only what bears teeth?

A

premaxillae and maxillae

49
Q

the part of the maxillae bearing teeth is called what?

A

alveolar process

50
Q

what are the three bones that make up your inner ear?

A

incus, malleus and stapes

51
Q

is the articular bone in the lower jaw seen in a mammal?

A

no

52
Q

incus comes from ——–

malleus comes from ——–

A

quadrate

articular

53
Q

in a mammal the mandible consits of only a single pair of bones the ———, fused anteriorly into a ——– ———-

A

dentaries/ mandibular symphysis

Bio 361 Lab Exam #2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions