CHAPTER 5: Percieving Objects and Scenes

Question 1

Name all gestalt principles (10)

Answer 1

1. proximity
2. similarity
3. connectedness
4. closure
5. continuity
6. pränanz/similarity
7. common fate
8. common region
9. good figure
10. organization

Question 2

what are some challenges faced by computer vision systems in object and scene recognition

Answer 2

Computer vision systems face challenges such as occlusions, variations in lighting conditions, and identifying objects under degraded conditions during recognition tasks.

Question 3

explain the functions of brain areas like the lateral occipital cortex in object recognition

Answer 3

the LOC processes visual information related to object boundaries, shapes, and relationships within a scene, contributing to object recognition

Question 4

what is Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inference?

Answer 4

Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inference suggests that perception results from unconscious inferences we make about the environment based on sensory inputs and prior knowledge

Question 5

describe the role of movement perception in recognizing objects, events, and social cues

Answer 5

movement perception helps to distinguish objects from backgrounds, understand social interactions through body language, and recognize events based on dynamic visual cues

Question 6

what is the spatial layout hypothesis?

Answer 6

the theory that parahippocampal cortex responds to the surface geometry or geometric layout of a scene

Question 7

Structuralism vs. Gestalt psychology

Answer 7

Structuralism: the idea that perceptions result from the summation of many elementary sensation

Gestalt psychology: a reaction of structuralism that proposes that the whole is different than the sum of its parts

Question 8

what is the lateral occipital cortex?

Answer 8

an area of the brain that is active when a person views any kind of object, such as an animal, face, tool, but is not used in when they view a texture or the parts of an object are scrambled.

Question 9

what is a bayesian inference and a prior probability?

Answer 9

an approach to perception in which perception is determined by taking probabilities into account. these probabilities are determined by past experiences in percieving properties of objects and scenes.

In bayesian inference, a prior probability is a person’s initial estimate of the probability of an outcome.