Chapter 5 - Percieving Objects

Question 1

What Factors play a role in perception?

Answer 1

• Physiological
• Devleopmental
• Role of Experience
• Society, Culture, and Enviornment
• Langauge

Question 2

What are the difficulties with designing a perceviging machine?

Answer 2

• Stimulus ambiguity
• Viewpoint invariance
• Occulsion

Question 3

What is stimluus ambiguity?

Answer 3

• Inverse projection problems
• An image on the retina can be caused by an infinite number of objects

Question 4

What is viewpoint variance?

Answer 4

• The ability to recognize an object regardless of the viewpoint
• Difficult for a computer to do

Question 5

What is occulsion?

Answer 5

• Objects can be hidden or blurred

Question 6

What are specific principles of perceptual orginization?

Answer 6

• Apparent movement
• Illusory contours
• Grouping
• Segregation
• Good continuation
• Pragnanz
• Similarity
• Proximity
• Common fate
• Common region
• Uniform connectedness

Question 7

What is good continuation

Answer 7

Connected points resulting in straight or smooth curves belong together

Question 8

What is pragnanz?

Answer 8

Every stimulus is seen simply as possible ( olympic rings )

Question 9

What is similarity?

Answer 9

Similar things are grouped together ( color, shape, size, etc )

Question 10

What is proximity?

Answer 10

Things that are near to each other are grouped together

Question 11

What is collon fate?

Answer 11

Things moving in the same direction are grouped together

Question 12

What is common region?

Answer 12

Elements in the same region tend to be grouped together

Question 13

What is uniform connectedness?

Answer 13

Connected region of visual properties are perceives as single unit

Question 14

What is the perceptual difference between an object and a scene?

Answer 14

• An object is compact and acted upon
• A scene is expansive in scope and scenes are acted within

Question 15

What is physical regularities?

Answer 15

regularly occurring physical properties

Question 16

What is oblique effect?

Answer 16

people perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations

Question 17

What is uniform connectedness?

Answer 17

objects are defined by areas of the same color or texture

Question 18

What is light from above heuristic?

Answer 18

light in the natural environment comes from above us

Question 19

Frontal Cortex ( FC )

Answer 19

Activated when evaluating facial attractiveness

Question 20

Superior Temporal Sulcus ( STS )

Answer 20

Responds to where the person is looking and to mouth movements

Question 21

Amygdala ( AG )

Answer 21

Activated by emotional aspects of faces

Question 22

Fusiform Face Area ( FFA )

Answer 22

responds only to faces

Question 23

Crouzer et al showed what about faces?

Answer 23

• Eye movements in responses to faces at 138 ms, animals at 170 ms, and vehicles were at 188 ms
• Faces have special status and are processed more efficiently and rapidly than other classes of objects.

Question 24

Meng et al. showed what about faces?

Answer 24

• FFA on left side and right hemisphere have different functions. Non-face stimuli that resembled faces, orders with most face-like stimuli on the right.
• Responses of left FFA; response increases as stimuli become smore face like
• Responses to right FFA; Responses are low for any non face stumli but jump when presented with a real face.
• Right only responds to real faces

Question 25

Palmer experiment on context showed what?

Answer 25

Observers saw a context scene flashed briefly, followed by a target picture. Results showed that targets congruent with the context were identified 80% of the time.

Question 26

Potter’s research showed what?

Answer 26

• Showed that people can do this when a picture is presented for ¼ second
• Target photo or written description followed by 16 rapidly presented pictures, observer responded if the target picture had been presented, almost 100% accuracy rate for target picture, 90% for written text