Chapter 5: orbital hybridization - NOTE: READ LECTURE NOTE FOR THIS CHAPTER

Question 1

How To Determine Hybridization (Shortcut)

Answer 1

Count the number of atoms connected to it (atoms – not bonds!)
Count the number of lone pairs attached to it.
Add these two numbers together.
If it’s 4, your atom is sp3.
If it’s 3, your atom is sp2.
If it’s 2, your atom is sp.
- if it’s over 4 , add d or d2 to it

Question 2

Hybridization of the shape AX and AX2?

Answer 2

sp + 2p

Question 3

Hybridization of the shape AX3?

Answer 3

sp2 + p

Question 4

Hybridization of the shape AX3E?

Answer 4

sp3

Question 5

Hybridization of the shape AX2?

Answer 5

sp2 + p

Question 6

Hybridization of the shape AX2E2?

Answer 6

sp3

Question 7

Hybridization for halogens and noble gases (before d orbitals)?

Answer 7

sp3

Question 8

Hybridization for halogens and noble gases (after d orbitals)?

Answer 8

sp3d or sp3d2

Question 9

Hybridization of the shape AX5?

Answer 9

sp3d

Question 10

Hybridization of the shape AX4E

Answer 10

sp3d

Question 11

Hybridization of the shape AX2E3

Answer 11

sp3d

Question 12

Hybridization of the shape AX6

Answer 12

sp3d2

Question 13

Hybridization of the shape AX5E

Answer 13

sp3d2

Question 14

Hybridization of the shape AX4E2

Answer 14

sp3d2

Question 15

Example problem: In a molecule the central molecule of attachment, A, has 2 sigma bonds to other atoms and 2 lone pairs of electrons. the orbital hybridization of this central atom of attachment is:

Answer 15

sp3
- 2 bonds + 2 lone pairs = 4
4 = sp3

Question 16

How to determine molecular geometry of hybridized orbitals?

Answer 16

Remember the shapes of the different hybridized orbitals + pay attention to how many bonds are on central atom