Chapter 5: Nomenclature Flashcards
binary compounds
compounds composed of two elements
two broad classes of binary compounds
- compounds that contain a metal and a nonmental
- compounds containing two nonmetals
binary ionic compound
contains a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)
Type I compounds
- the metal forms only one type of cation
Note: Group 1 and 2 metals are always Type I.
Type II compounds
the metal present can form two (or more) cations that have different charges
Note: Transition metals are almost always Type II.
Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
- The cation is always named first and the anion second.
- A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. (Ex: Na+ is called sodium in the names of compounds containing this ion.)
- A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding -ide. (Ex: Cl- is called chloride.)
Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds
- The cation is always named first and the anion second.
- Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses.
transition metals forming only one ion
- Ag+
- Zn2+
- Cd2+
prefixes used to indicate numbers in chemical names
- mono-
- di-
- tri-
- tetra-
- penta-
- hexa-
- hepta-
- octa-
Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds
Type III Binary compounds contain only nonmetals
- The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used.
- The second element is named as though it were an anion.
- Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present.
- The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. (Ex: CO is called carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide.)
3 types of binary compounds
- Type I: ionic compounds with metals that always form a cation with the same charge
- Type II: ionic compounds with metals (usually transition metals) that form cations with various charges
- Type III: compounds that contain only nonmetals
polyatomic ions
charged entities composed of several atoms bound together
oxyanions
polyatomic anions that contain an atom of a given element and different numbers of oxygen atoms
Rules for Naming Oxyanions
When there are two members in a series:
- the name of the one with the smaller number of oxygen atoms ends in -ite
- the name of the one with the larger number ends in -ate
When more than two oxyanions make up a series, use the prefixes:
- hypo- (less than)
- per- (more than
Ex:
ClO- hypochlorite
ClO2- chlorite
ClO3- chlorate
ClO4- perchlorate
acids
substances containing H+ ions (protons), which are produced by certain molecules when dissolved in water; best considered as one or more H+ ions attached to an anion
