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CIT 105 > Chapter 5: Networking and Security > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Networking and Security Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Network?

A

A connection between computers that allows users to communicate and share information.

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2
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A

A data communication system consisting of multiple devices that are relatively near each other and are connected using cables or wireless media.

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3
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A

The connection of two or more central computers or LANs, generally across a wide geographical area.

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4
Q

What is an Intranet?

A

An internal version of the Internet containing information that is restricted to a particular company’s employees.

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5
Q

What is an Extranet?

A

A service that allows an organization to share some of its intranet resources with people outside the organization.

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6
Q

What is Attenuation?

A

The loss of intensity and clarity of a transmitted data signal.

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7
Q

What is Bandwidth?

A

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a given amount of time.

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8
Q

What is Network Media?

A

The means used to link parts of a computer network.

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9
Q

What is a Node?

A

A connection point within a network.

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10
Q

How do Wireless Networks work?

A

They use radio or infared signals that travel through the air to transmit data.

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11
Q

What does a Wireless Access Point (WAP) do?

A

Connects single or multiple PCs in the wireless enviroment.

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12
Q

What are Packets?

A

Pieces of a message broken down into small units by the sending device and reassembled by the recieving device in a network.

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13
Q

What is a Topology?

A

The logical layout of the cables and devices that connect the nodes of the network.

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14
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A

A computer component that translates and transmits network packets.

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15
Q

What is a MAC Address?

A

A unique identifier contained in the network interface hardware of computers and other network-connected devices.

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16
Q

What is a Repeater?

A

A network device used to prevent attenuation when packets are traveling long distances.

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17
Q

What is a Hub?

A

A basic network device that provides multiple ports for connecting nodes.

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18
Q

What is a Switch?

A

A network device that is similar to a hub, but it is aware of the exact address or identity of all the nodes attached to it, thereby increasing the efficency of the network.

19
Q

What is a Router?

A

A complex device that stores the routing information for networks. It looks at each packet’s header to determine where the packet should go, then determines the best route for the packet to take toward its destination.

20
Q

What is a Gateway?

A

A node on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. It helps one network understand the packet headers from another network.

21
Q

What is a Bridge?

A

A device that connects two LANs or two segments of the same LAN; looks at the information in each packet header and forwards data traveling from one LAN to another.

22
Q

What is Ethernet?

A

The most common physical standard for local area networks.

23
Q

What is an Information System (IS)?

A

A complex system for acquiring, storing, organizing, using, and sharing data and information.

24
Q

What is an Office Automation System?

A

A type of information system that is designed to manage information in an office enviroment and help users handle certain information-related tasks more efficently.

25
Q

What is a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

A

A type of information system that handles the processing and tracking of transactions.

26
Q

What is a Management Information System (MIS)?

A

A set of software tools that enables managers to gather, organize, and evaluate information.

27
Q

What is a Decision Support System (DDS)?

A

A special application that collects and reports certain types of data, thus helping managers make better decisions.

28
Q

What is an Expert System?

A

A type of information system that performs analytical tasks traditionally done by a human, using sequences of questions to ask and actions to take based on the responses to those questions.

29
Q

What does Mission-Critical mean?

A

Systems that must run without failure or with nearly instant recovery from failure.

30
Q

What does Fault-Tolerant mean?

A

Systems that are able to continue their operation even when problems are present.

31
Q

What does Redundant mean?

A

Computers that have multiple hardware systems performing the same task at the same time.

32
Q

What is a RAID?

A

A storage system that links any number of disk drives (a disk array) so that they act as a single disk.

33
Q

What is Scalability?

A

The capacity to provide increasing amounts of computing power, storage, and/or software.

34
Q

What is Inoperability?

A

The ability of each organization’s information system to work with the other, sharing data and services.

35
Q

What is Big Data?

A

A term that refers to the large volumes of data that are constantly being generated by our devices and digital transactions.

36
Q

What is a Data Warehouse?

A

A central repository where records from multiple databases are stored.

37
Q

What are Data Analytics

A

The use of modeling software and statistics to extract knowledge from large volumes of data.

38
Q

What is Data Mining?

A

The discovery of new patterns or relationships between data.

39
Q

What is Data Validation?

A

A method for checking and improving the reliability of data.

40
Q

What is a Distributed Denial-of-Service?

A

A network attack that attempts to shut down or block access to websites or other network resources by overwhelming them with requests.

41
Q

What is Social Engineering?

A

A form of hacking thst focuses on deceiving individuals into giving away the information that the thief needs.

42
Q

What is Pretexting?

A

Gaining someone’s trust by pretending you are someone else.

43
Q

What is Phishing?

A

Luring individuals into entering personal information into a website controlled by a hacker.

CIT 105 (6 decks)

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