Chapter 5: Muscle Function & Structure

Question 1

Three types of muscles that exists in the body

Answer 1

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Question 2

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 2

Connects the various parts of the muscles through connective tissues called tendons

Voluntary control

Can be graded

Question 3

Smooth Muscle

Answer 3

Located in the blood vessels, iris, respiratory tract, gastrointensitinal tract

Involuntary

Fatigue resistant

Contractions are slow and controlled

Question 4

Cardiac muscles

Answer 4

Helps contractile activity of heart

Very fatigue resistant

Involuntary

Can be graded

Question 5

Component of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 5

A: muscle belly
B: muscle fibre bundle
C: muscle fibre
D: myofibrils

Question 6

Muscle teamwork terms

Answer 6

Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixators

Question 7

Agonists

Answer 7

Producing desired activity

Question 8

Antagonists

Answer 8

Opposing the activity

Question 9

Synergistes

Answer 9

Muscles surrounding joint that help the movement

Question 10

Fixators

Answer 10

Steady joints closer to the axis

Question 11

Sarcomers

Answer 11

Contractile units within the myofibrils

Question 12

Sarcomeres are made up of 2 protein filaments

Answer 12

Actin-thin

Myosin-thick

Question 13

Myosin

Answer 13

Each myosin is surrounded by 6 actin filaments

Projecting from each myosin and tiny contractile myosin bridges

Question 14

Cross bridge formation

Answer 14

Signal comes from motor nerve to motor end plate activating the fibre

Question 15

Cross bridge movement

Answer 15

Rowing and oar like motion

Question 16

Optimal cross bridge formation

Answer 16

Sarcomeres should be an optimal distance apart

Question 17

If sarcomeres are stretched to far apart

Answer 17

Less force, because there will be fewer cross bridges

Question 18

If sarcomeres are too close together

Answer 18

Less force, don’t have enough room thus interpreting with each other as there formed

Question 19

Optimal muscle length & optimal joint angle

Answer 19

Maximum muscle occurs with optimal muscle length & at optimal joint angle

Optimal joint angle occurs at optimal muscle length

Question 20

The distance between sarcomeres if dépendant on

Answer 20

Stretch of muscle and and the position of the joint

Question 21

Genetically predetermined muscle fibre types

Answer 21

Slow twitch
Oxidative(type 1)

Fast twitch
Glycolitic(type 2)

Question 22

Slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 22

Suite for activity’s with >20-24% of force output

Low power, high endurance

Question 23

Fast twitch

Answer 23

High power, low endurance

Question 24

Muscle biopsy on the microscope

Answer 24

Capillaries blood vessels look like black dots

Oxidative look red

Glycolitic look white

Question 25

Muscle biopsy procedure

Answer 25

Method used to determine muscle fibre type

Question 26

Nerve-muscle interaction

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle is infuriated through neural activation

Question 27

Our nervous systems:

Answer 27

Central and peripheral

Question 28

Terms of function of nervous system

Answer 28

Sensory
And
Motor

Question 29

Sensory

Answer 29

Collects info from sensors and takes it to the brain

Question 30

Motor

Answer 30

Conducts signals to activate muscle

Question 31

Motor unit

Answer 31

Group of fibres activated via the same nerve

All muscle fibres of one unit are the same kind

Question 32

Muscle need to preform precise movements consist of more

Answer 32

Motor units and less muscle fibres

Question 33

Muscles needing to preform less precise movements require

Answer 33

Less motor units and many fibres per unit

Question 34

All or none principal

Answer 34

An impulse of certain magnitude or strength is required to get the fibres to contract

Question 35

Intra muscle coordination

Answer 35

Capacity to apply motor units simultaneously

Question 36

Inter muscle coordination

Answer 36

Interpret between agonist and antagonist muscles

Question 37

Muscles adaptation to strength

Answer 37

Individual performance occurs through biological adaptations

Adaptations depends on activity level and athletes genetic makeup