Chapter 5 Microbial metabolism

Question 1

A new antibiotic is produced that inhibits the synthesis of Acetyl-CoA and the electron transport chain in bacteria. For each glucose molecule that is metabolized, how many FEWER ATP molecules will be produced?

Answer 1

34

Question 2

True or False: the Kreb’s cycle produces molecules necessary for the function of the electron transport chain

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which process directly produces the most ATP?

Answer 3

Electron Transport Chain

Question 4

Why is ATP required for glycolysis?

Answer 4

ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into 2 3-Carbon molecules

Question 5

How many net ATP’s can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

Answer 5

2 ATP

Question 6

What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 6

Pyruvic Acid

Question 7

What occurs at the bridge step of the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 7

Decarboxylation of Pyruvic Acid

Question 8

How many electron carriers are reduced in the Kreb Cycle only?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What is the function of GTP in the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 9

An Energy Carrier

Question 10

What is the fate of metabolites during respiration?

Answer 10

They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide, water

Question 11

Which compounds provide electrons to the electron transport system?

Answer 11

NADH and FADH2

Question 12

What does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

What does the ETC(Electron Transport Chain) do to the concentration of hydrogen ions?

Answer 13

The concentration of protons is higher outside the membrane than inside

Question 14

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as…

Answer 14

Chemiosmosis

Question 15

True or False: fermentation is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?

Answer 16

Peruvic acid takes the elctrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+.

Question 17

What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation?

Answer 17

It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons.

Question 18

What are examples of acids produced by fermentation?

Answer 18

Lactic acid and Propionic acid

Question 19

What is the immediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcohol fermentation?

Answer 19

Acetaldehyde

Question 20

what is the immediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcohol fermentation?

Answer 20

Acetaldehyde

Question 21

True or False: Coenzymes are the organic cofactors important to enzyme activity

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What would increase enzymatic activity in a bacterial cell that normally thrives in the human body?

Answer 22

To slightly increasing the temp with in optimum range.

Question 23

True or False: Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor, where as anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as it’s final electron acceptor

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Much of the energy released in catabolic reactions is captured in ATP for use in other reactions. When the phosphate is transferred directly from an organic molecule to ADP to produce ATP, this represents________

Answer 24

Substrate level phosphorylation.

Question 25

How does a non-competitive inhibitor reduce an enzyme's activity?

Answer 25

It will bind to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, which changes the shape of the active site.

Question 26

what would happen if you increase the concentration of substrate for an enzyme in the presence of a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 26

No changes would be observed.

Question 27

How is nevirapine used to treat HIV infections?

Answer 27

It alters the active site of reverse transcriptase, which decreases the HIV enzyme's activity.

Question 28

How does a competitive inhibitor slow enzyme catalysis?

Answer 28

They compete with the substrate for the enzyme's active site.

Question 29

What enables competitive inhibitors to bind to a specific enzyme?

Answer 29

Competitive inhibitors have structures similar to the enzyme substrate.

Question 30

If high amounts of sulfanilamide are in the prescence of an enzyme whose substrate is PABA, what outcome is expected?

Answer 30

The enzyme will stop functioning.

Question 31

True or False: Competitive inhibitors decrease the rate of enzyme activity

Answer 31

True.