Chapter 5-Memory Flashcards
Control process
Active process that can be controlled by a person
What is memory?
Process involved in retaining, remembering information, after original information is no longer present
Sensory memory
Retention for a brief period of time, of the effects of sensory memory
Persistence of vision
Retention of the perception of light
Ex. Frames in films, sparklers trail of light
Sterling (1960)
Array of letters flash quickly on a screen (50ms).
Participants asked to report as many as possible
Whole report
Participants asked to report as many as could be seen
Partial report
Participants heard color tone, which told them which row of letters to report
Delayed partial report
Presentation of color tone was delayed for a fraction of a second after the letters were extinguished
Short lived sensory memory
Registers all or most information that hits our visual receptors
-info decays very quickly
Brown-Peterson task
Read 3 layers, than a number
- count backwards by3’s
- After a set time recall letters
Proactive interference (PI)
Previously learned information interferes with learning new information
-when rehearsal is prevented, short term last about 15-20 seconds
Digit span
How many digits a person can remember
-typically 5-8 items
Chucking
Small units can be combined into larger meaningful units
Ericsson (1989) (S.F. Digit span)
S.F remembered up to 79 digits
-Chungking (running times)
Chase and Simon (1973) (chess)
Chess players asked to memorize chess pieces positioned for a real game for 5 seconds
Experts did really well, non-experts didn’t
Results were the same when chess pieces were placed in random positions
