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Tamil Theory > Chapter 5 - Mannikanum taamadamaa varradukku > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Mannikanum taamadamaa varradukku Flashcards

1
Q

How does politeness work in Tamil?

What is the difference with English?

A

Through body language and suffices

Almost no loose words for politeness like in English

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2
Q

What is the difference between suffices -num and -nga?

A
  • -Nga after the infinitive has the meaning of saying please and the imperative
  • -num has the meaning of ‘must’ or ‘should’
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3
Q

Negation

Which word of negation is used for present and past tense?

What does its suffix form look like

A

ille

-le

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4
Q

Negation

How is the -le suffix used on a verb?

Mention verb form and potential suffices

A

-le is added to the verb infinitive after adding -kka- if
1. Present tense goes with -kkir-
2. Future tense goes with -kk- or -pp-

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5
Q

Negation

How is negation in the future tense handled?

A

Infinitive of a verb + maatt

Both Ts in maatt are actually a retroflex

Ex.) Naan vara maatteen = I will not come

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6
Q

Negation

How does negation in the future tense work for neutral nouns?

A
  • aadu is added to the Stem of the verb

Note that here it is not the infinitive, but the stem of the verb

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7
Q

Verbal nouns

What is a verbal noun?

What would be the dutch name of this?

A

Verbs turned into nouns so they can be modified by adverbs

Ex.) Varradu = coming

In dutch this would be called an onvoltooid deelwoord

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8
Q

Verbal nouns

How is a verbal noun made up?

You should list at least 3 components

Which tenses does this include?

A

Verb stem (PastT/PresentT) + adu + case (not necessary)

Past tense or Present tense

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9
Q

Adverbs (Bijwoorden)

What can be the uses of adverbs in Tamil?

A
  1. To modify a verb
  2. Express idea of location

It can have a broader meaning than just -ly in English

Example.) naalaa = for days instead of daily depending on context

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10
Q

Adverbs (bijwoorden)

How is an adverb formed?

Give an example

A

Add -aa to a noun

Ex.) taamadam + aa = taamadamaa -> Late

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11
Q

Ablativus

What is the role of the ablativus?

A

To express the meaning ‘from’

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12
Q

Ablativus

What are the ablativus suffices

When is which one used?

A
  1. -Lerundu
  2. -Rundu

The first one is the general form and the second one is used for adverbs that express the idea of location in a place

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13
Q

Ablativus

What happens to words like viidu or maram in the ablativus?

A

They get their ‘vervoegde vorm’

So viidu becomes viitu and maram becomes maratte

The t’s here all are retroflex t

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14
Q

Possibility and Permission

Which suffix is used for Possibility or Permission?

Where is it added to?

Give an example

A

-laam

It is added to the end of a verb infinitive

Ex.) peesalaam

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15
Q

Appreciation

List two form of formal appreciation/gratitude

A
  1. Appreciation = paaraattu
  2. Gratitude = nanri
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16
Q

Appreciation

List two ways of informal appreciation/gratitude

A
  1. Sandoosam = happiness/happy
  2. Nalladu = good
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17
Q

Tag Questions

What is the use of tag questions in English?

Give two examples

A

To seek the listener’s confirmation of what was just said

Ex1) Didn’t you? -> You put the trash outside today, didn’t you?
Ex2) Won’t they? -> They are going to blow up the school, won’t they?

18
Q

Tag Questions

What is the only Tamil tag question?

And what does it mean?

A

Illeyaa from ille + aa

Can be seen as ‘niet waar? (is it not?)’ in Dutch

19
Q

Tag Questions

What is the abbreviated form of the Tamil tag question?

Give an example?

A

-le

‘Oru pustagam ezudureen-le?’ instead of ‘Oru pustagam ezudureen illeyaa?’

20
Q

Emhpasis

What does ‘taan’ mean?

A

Only

21
Q

Emphasis

What does -um mean

A

Also or And

22
Q

Emphasis

What does kuuda mean?

A

Even

23
Q

‘Kaanoom’

Which two things make the verb ‘kaanoom’ unusual

Give an example of a sentence using kaanoom (missing)

A
  1. It does not have a subject, but instead a noun or pronoun
  2. That noun or pronoun is an accusative form with an -e suffix at the end

en peenaave kaanoom = my pen is missing

24
Q

Habitual negative

What is the difference between habitual negative, negation and negative imperative

Give examples!

A
  • Habitual negative = Negation of a habitual act
  • Negation = Negative of single action happening in the past, present or future
  • Negative imperative = Telling someone not to do something

HN = I never walk to the supermarket; N = I don’t walk to the supermarket; NI = Don’t walk to the supermarket

25
Q

Habitual negative

How does one form a habitual negative in Tamil?

A

Stam in present tense + adu + ille

Maatt- (fut) can also be used as a habitual negative

Does form does not vary for person, number or gender

26
Q

Habitual negative

Which suffices are used for the habitual negative

They are interchangable

Which verb form do they follow?

A
  • Adulle
  • Adille

They form the present tense stem of the verb

27
Q

Habitual Positive

How does one form a habitual positive in Tamil?

A

It is the same as the future tense of a verb

28
Q

Unknown or unspecified

Which suffix denotes uncertainty or doubt?

What happens if you put it after a question word? Example?

Where in the verb does it go?

A

-oo

It gains the meaning of ‘some’ Ex.) yaaroo = someone

It goes after the ‘vervoegde werkwoord’

29
Q

Unkown or unspecified

What is the difference between
* Avan varuvaanaa?
* Avan varuvaan-le
* Avan varuvaanoo?

A
  • Will he come?
  • He will come, won’t he?
  • He might come/Maybe he will come
30
Q

Unkown or unspecified

What happens when multiple (pro)nouns have the -oo suffix?

Give a grammatically correct example

A

It denotes alternatives

Avanoo avaloo vaaruvaanga = He or she will come; also note that the verb has plural ending

31
Q

What does the postposition patti mean?

How is it used grammatically?

A

Patti = ‘about’/’concerning’

It follows a noun in the accusatice case (so -e) Ex.) Avane patti

32
Q

Another permissive

What does the -ttum suffix mean?

Where is it added?

How does it change depending on the person that is subject

A

It is a permissive just like -laam

It comes after the infinitive of a verb

For third person it has the meaning of ‘let’ for first person it has the meaning of ‘shall’

33
Q

Subject in Dative case

Which two types of verbs normally occur with a subject in the dative case?

Which verb endings do these verbs usually have?

Give an example

A
  1. Verbs of knowledge
  2. Verbs of mental state

Neutral ending (so -um) Ex.) Teriyum

Neutral endings are still ‘vervoegd’ in the normal way. So Ex.) ongalukku viidu pidikkidaa?. Where pidikkidaa = pidikku (3rd neutral) + aa (question)

34
Q

All and any

  1. How does all work for ‘human’ nouns
  2. How does all work for ‘non-human’ nouns
A
  1. For human nouns it is ellaarum or ellaam
  2. For non-human nouns it is only ellaam
35
Q

All and any

List the 3 ways ‘all’ in Tamil can be written

A
  1. Ellaarum after human nouns
  2. Ellaam after human and non-human nouns
  3. Ellaa before the noun and -um after it
36
Q

All and any

How does one express any if there are no nouns in the sentence?

Give an example

A

Questions word and add -um to the end

eduvum = anything

37
Q

All and any

List the two ways to express any in a sentence that does contain nouns

Give examples

A
  1. The question word with -um may occur after the noun
  2. Interrogative adjective before the noun and then -um is added to the noun

Pustagam eduvum = any book & Enda pustugamum = any book

38
Q

Adjectives

What does an adjective do?

A

It modifies a noun

39
Q

Adjectives

How can an adjective be made from a noun?

A

Add -aana

40
Q

Adjectives

Where do simple adjectives end with?

Give an example

A

They generally end on -a

nalla, pazeya, etc..

41
Q

Thousands

What is the word for thousand in Tamil?

A

Aayiram

42
Q

Thousands

How do we make multiples of thousands?

Give an example

What are the three thousands that have alternate forms as well?

A

Take a number from 1 to 10 and add -aayiram to it (removing the final -u from the number)

Pattaayiram

muuvaayiram = 3000, ayyaayiram = 5000, ennaayiram = 8000

Tamil Theory (4 decks)

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