Chapter 5 - Mannikanum taamadamaa varradukku Flashcards
How does politeness work in Tamil?
What is the difference with English?
Through body language and suffices
Almost no loose words for politeness like in English
What is the difference between suffices -num and -nga?
- -Nga after the infinitive has the meaning of saying please and the imperative
- -num has the meaning of ‘must’ or ‘should’
Negation
Which word of negation is used for present and past tense?
What does its suffix form look like
ille
-le
Negation
How is the -le suffix used on a verb?
Mention verb form and potential suffices
-le is added to the verb infinitive after adding -kka- if
1. Present tense goes with -kkir-
2. Future tense goes with -kk- or -pp-
Negation
How is negation in the future tense handled?
Infinitive of a verb + maatt
Both Ts in maatt are actually a retroflex
Ex.) Naan vara maatteen = I will not come
Negation
How does negation in the future tense work for neutral nouns?
- aadu is added to the Stem of the verb
Note that here it is not the infinitive, but the stem of the verb
Verbal nouns
What is a verbal noun?
What would be the dutch name of this?
Verbs turned into nouns so they can be modified by adverbs
Ex.) Varradu = coming
In dutch this would be called an onvoltooid deelwoord
Verbal nouns
How is a verbal noun made up?
You should list at least 3 components
Which tenses does this include?
Verb stem (PastT/PresentT) + adu + case (not necessary)
Past tense or Present tense
Adverbs (Bijwoorden)
What can be the uses of adverbs in Tamil?
- To modify a verb
- Express idea of location
It can have a broader meaning than just -ly in English
Example.) naalaa = for days instead of daily depending on context
Adverbs (bijwoorden)
How is an adverb formed?
Give an example
Add -aa to a noun
Ex.) taamadam + aa = taamadamaa -> Late
Ablativus
What is the role of the ablativus?
To express the meaning ‘from’
Ablativus
What are the ablativus suffices
When is which one used?
- -Lerundu
- -Rundu
The first one is the general form and the second one is used for adverbs that express the idea of location in a place
Ablativus
What happens to words like viidu or maram in the ablativus?
They get their ‘vervoegde vorm’
So viidu becomes viitu and maram becomes maratte
The t’s here all are retroflex t
Possibility and Permission
Which suffix is used for Possibility or Permission?
Where is it added to?
Give an example
-laam
It is added to the end of a verb infinitive
Ex.) peesalaam
Appreciation
List two form of formal appreciation/gratitude
- Appreciation = paaraattu
- Gratitude = nanri
Appreciation
List two ways of informal appreciation/gratitude
- Sandoosam = happiness/happy
- Nalladu = good
Tag Questions
What is the use of tag questions in English?
Give two examples
To seek the listener’s confirmation of what was just said
Ex1) Didn’t you? -> You put the trash outside today, didn’t you?
Ex2) Won’t they? -> They are going to blow up the school, won’t they?
Tag Questions
What is the only Tamil tag question?
And what does it mean?
Illeyaa from ille + aa
Can be seen as ‘niet waar? (is it not?)’ in Dutch
Tag Questions
What is the abbreviated form of the Tamil tag question?
Give an example?
-le
‘Oru pustagam ezudureen-le?’ instead of ‘Oru pustagam ezudureen illeyaa?’
Emhpasis
What does ‘taan’ mean?
Only
Emphasis
What does -um mean
Also or And
Emphasis
What does kuuda mean?
Even
‘Kaanoom’
Which two things make the verb ‘kaanoom’ unusual
Give an example of a sentence using kaanoom (missing)
- It does not have a subject, but instead a noun or pronoun
- That noun or pronoun is an accusative form with an -e suffix at the end
en peenaave kaanoom = my pen is missing
Habitual negative
What is the difference between habitual negative, negation and negative imperative
Give examples!
- Habitual negative = Negation of a habitual act
- Negation = Negative of single action happening in the past, present or future
- Negative imperative = Telling someone not to do something
HN = I never walk to the supermarket; N = I don’t walk to the supermarket; NI = Don’t walk to the supermarket
Habitual negative
How does one form a habitual negative in Tamil?
Stam in present tense + adu + ille
Maatt- (fut) can also be used as a habitual negative
Does form does not vary for person, number or gender
Habitual negative
Which suffices are used for the habitual negative
They are interchangable
Which verb form do they follow?
- Adulle
- Adille
They form the present tense stem of the verb
Habitual Positive
How does one form a habitual positive in Tamil?
It is the same as the future tense of a verb
Unknown or unspecified
Which suffix denotes uncertainty or doubt?
What happens if you put it after a question word? Example?
Where in the verb does it go?
-oo
It gains the meaning of ‘some’ Ex.) yaaroo = someone
It goes after the ‘vervoegde werkwoord’
Unkown or unspecified
What is the difference between
* Avan varuvaanaa?
* Avan varuvaan-le
* Avan varuvaanoo?
- Will he come?
- He will come, won’t he?
- He might come/Maybe he will come
Unkown or unspecified
What happens when multiple (pro)nouns have the -oo suffix?
Give a grammatically correct example
It denotes alternatives
Avanoo avaloo vaaruvaanga = He or she will come; also note that the verb has plural ending
What does the postposition patti mean?
How is it used grammatically?
Patti = ‘about’/’concerning’
It follows a noun in the accusatice case (so -e) Ex.) Avane patti
Another permissive
What does the -ttum suffix mean?
Where is it added?
How does it change depending on the person that is subject
It is a permissive just like -laam
It comes after the infinitive of a verb
For third person it has the meaning of ‘let’ for first person it has the meaning of ‘shall’
Subject in Dative case
Which two types of verbs normally occur with a subject in the dative case?
Which verb endings do these verbs usually have?
Give an example
- Verbs of knowledge
- Verbs of mental state
Neutral ending (so -um) Ex.) Teriyum
Neutral endings are still ‘vervoegd’ in the normal way. So Ex.) ongalukku viidu pidikkidaa?. Where pidikkidaa = pidikku (3rd neutral) + aa (question)
All and any
- How does all work for ‘human’ nouns
- How does all work for ‘non-human’ nouns
- For human nouns it is ellaarum or ellaam
- For non-human nouns it is only ellaam
All and any
List the 3 ways ‘all’ in Tamil can be written
- Ellaarum after human nouns
- Ellaam after human and non-human nouns
- Ellaa before the noun and -um after it
All and any
How does one express any if there are no nouns in the sentence?
Give an example
Questions word and add -um to the end
eduvum = anything
All and any
List the two ways to express any in a sentence that does contain nouns
Give examples
- The question word with -um may occur after the noun
- Interrogative adjective before the noun and then -um is added to the noun
Pustagam eduvum = any book & Enda pustugamum = any book
Adjectives
What does an adjective do?
It modifies a noun
Adjectives
How can an adjective be made from a noun?
Add -aana
Adjectives
Where do simple adjectives end with?
Give an example
They generally end on -a
nalla, pazeya, etc..
Thousands
What is the word for thousand in Tamil?
Aayiram
Thousands
How do we make multiples of thousands?
Give an example
What are the three thousands that have alternate forms as well?
Take a number from 1 to 10 and add -aayiram to it (removing the final -u from the number)
Pattaayiram
muuvaayiram = 3000, ayyaayiram = 5000, ennaayiram = 8000
