Chapter 5 Lessons 3 and 4 Flashcards
What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earth’s crust
What is lava?
When magma reaches the Earth’s surface
What is magma?
When rock is melted under the Earth’s surface
What is a hot spot?
An unmoving pool of magma below the Earth’s crust.
What is an eruption?
An outpouring of melted rock, ash, gases, or a combination of all three.
What is an island chain?
A line of volcanic mountains.
What is the Ring of Fire? Where is it located?
Volcanoes that occur on the Pacific Ocean plate boundary
When does a volcano erupt?
At plates where one plate moves under another
What is a caldera?
A giant impression that forms when a volcano collapses.
Name three types of volcanoes
Active, Dormant, Extinct
What is an active volcano?
One that is currently erupting (or recently erupted)
What is a dormant volcano?
One that hasn’t erupted for a long period of time
What is an extinct volcano?
One that has stopped erupting or is “dead”
What is an earthquake?
A sudden movement in the Earth’s crust
What is magnitude?
Measure of energy released by an earthquake.
What is a tsunami?
A huge wave caused by an underwater earthquake
What is an epicenter?
Point where waves of energy reach the Earth’s surface
What is a seismometer?
An instrument used to measure earthquake waves
How can you prepare for an earthquake?
Secure objects, buildings can be designed to sway, sensors that detect earthquakes early (ansers may vary)
What is the Richter scale?
Measures magnitude at the epicenter
Rates an earthquake from weak to strong (starting at 1)
What is the Mercalli scale?
Measures what people felt and what happen to objects at a specific location
Rated in Roman Numerals (I-XII)
