Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards
Affirmative Action
A policy in educational admission or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.
Civil Disobedience
A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.
Civil Rights
Generally, all rights rooted in the 14th Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law.
De Facto Segregation
Racial segregation that occurs because of patterns of racial residence and similar conditions.
De Jure Segregation
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.
Feminism
The movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women.
Gender Discrimination
Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender.
Grandfather Clause
A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.
Hispanic
Someone who can claim a heritage of a Spanish-speaking country. Hispanic may be of any race.
Latino
An alternative to the term “Hispanic” that is preferred by many.
Literacy Test
A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
Poll Tax
A special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting. The 24th Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966, the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well.
Reverse Discrimination
Discrimination against individuals who are not members of a minority group.
Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution.
Sexual Harassment
Unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient’s job performance, creates a hostile work environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences.
