Chapter 5 Key Terms

Question 1

Atavism

Answer 1

the belief that certain characteristics or behaviors of a person are throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolutionary development.

Question 2

Cerebrotonic

Answer 2

the type of temperament or personality associated with an ectomorphic (thin) body type; these people tend to be introverted and shy.

Question 3

Craniometry

Answer 3

a 19th-century field of study that emphasized the belief that the size of the brain or skull reflected superiority or inferiority, with larger brains and skulls being considered superior.

Question 4

Determinism

Answer 4

the assumption that human behavior is caused by factors outside free will and rational decision-making

Question 5

Ectoderm

Answer 5

the medical term for the outer layer of tissue in our bodies

Question 6

Ectomorphic

Answer 6

the body type associated with an emphasis on the outer layer of tissue (ectoderm) during development

Question 7

Endoderm

Answer 7

the medical term for the inner layer of tissue in our bodies.

Question 8

Endomorphic

Answer 8

The body type associated with an emphasis on the inner layer of tissue (endoderm) during embryonic development

Question 9

Eugenics

Answer 9

the study of and policies related to the improvement of the human race via discriminatory control over reproduction

Question 10

feeble-mindedness

Answer 10

technical, scientific term in the early 1900s meaning those who had significantly below-average intelligence

Question 11

Mesoderm

Answer 11

The medical term for the middle layer of tissue in our bodies

Question 12

Mesomorphic

Answer 12

the body type associated with an emphasis on the middle layer of tissue (mesoderm) during embryonic development

Question 13

Minor physical anomalies

Answer 13

physical features, such as asymmetrical or low-seated ears, that are believed to indicate developmental problems

Question 14

Phrenology

Answer 14

The science of determining human dispositions based on distinctions (e.g., bumps) in the skull, which is believed to conform to the shape of the brain

Question 15

Physiognomy

Answer 15

the study of facial and other bodily aspects to identify developmental problems, such as criminality

Question 16

Positive School

Answer 16

a perspective that assumes that individuals have no free will to control their behavior

Question 17

Somatotonic

Answer 17

the type of temperament or personality associated with a mesomorphic (muscular) body type; these people tend to be risk-taking and aggressive

Question 18

Somatotyping

Answer 18

the area of study, primarily attributed to William Sheldon, that links body type to likelihood of delinquent and criminal behavior. Also, as a methodology, it is a way of ranking body types based on three categories: endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy

Question 19

Stigmata

Answer 19

the physical manifestations of atavism (biological inferiority), according to Lombroso

Question 20

Viscerotonic

Answer 20

according to somatotyping, the type of temperament or personality associated with an endomorphic (obese) body type; these people tend to be jolly, lazy, and happy-go-lucky

Question 21

Good luck! 🍀✨✝️🌸👁‍🗨

Answer 21

You can do it Gabrielle!!