Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

honors world history > Chapter 5: Islam > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Islam Flashcards

1
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Make a Pilgrimage: Where are all Muslims expected to go on a pilgrimage to?

A

Mecca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Make a Pilgrimage: What does taking this pilgrimage relate to?

A

When Abraham went to where god told him to go.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Help the Poor (Giving of Alms) How much of their wealth do Muslims give to the community treasury?

A

about 2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Fasting: During what month do muslims fast from sun-up to sun-down?

A

Ramadan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Fasting: What do Muslims have to fast from during that month?

A

food, drink, smoking, and sexual contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Prayer: How many times a day are prayers offered?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Prayer: When praying, where do they have to face?

A

toward Mecca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Declare the Faith: There is no gods, but what?

A

Allah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Five Pillars of Islam) Declare the Faith: Who is Allah’s prophet?

A

Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abu Bakr: He was the first caliph. What was he successful in ensuring?

A

He was successful in ensuring that the tribes did not break off and actually began to grow the Islamic empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abu Bakr: He collected taxes. Who did he nominate on his death bed?

A

the second caliph, Omar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Omar: What did he do to establish the Muslim Empire?

A

He conquered a number of armies, including the Jews in 637.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Othman: He ensured that the Caliph has control of the economic interests of the whole Ummah. What does he also have the distinction of?

A

Having the first Quran compiled under his leadership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Othman: What was his main complaint? (Hint: this was why he was assassinated.)

A

He put his family in positions of power, instead of people that were actually qualified to be in the positions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ali: He was chosen to replace Othman. Even though he had married Muhamma’d daughter, what did many feel like? Why did they feel this way?

A

That he shouldn’t be Caliph. Because he refused to arrest Othman’s murderers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ali: Because he wouldn’t arrest Othman’s murderers, he didn’t even last a year on the job before he was assassinated. What did many say?

A

That Ali was an illegitimate leader.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ali: When he died, it was unclear who should step up and lead. Who finally took control? What family was he from?

A

Othman’s cousin. From the powerful Umayyad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Islam Spreads: Why were some people under Byzantine and Sassanid rule persecuted?

A

If they did not practice the national religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Islam Spreads: When were conquered people allowed to keep their land and only pay a tax?

A

If they accepted Islam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Division in Muslim Community: After the assassination of Ali, what was the official language of Islam declared to be?

A

Arabic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Division in Muslim Community: What created a split in Muslim followers?

A

When some lived extravagant lives of wealth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sunni: What did they believe?

A

That Muslim leaders should follow Muhammad’s example.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sunni: What is the Ulema?

A

What religious authority is with. It’s a group of religious scholars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sunni: Did they outwardly resist the Umayyads?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Shi’a (Shi’ites): Did they resist the Umayyads?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Shi’a (Shi’ites): What did they believe?

A

That Muslim rulers should be directly descended from Muhammad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Shi’a (Shi’ites): What also has religious authority?

A

Caliph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: Finally, in 750, the Umayyads were overthrown and the Abbasid’s established their control. What happened almost immediately?

A

The Abbasid caliphs brought wide reaching change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What was one of the major changes?

A

They instituted a move away from distinguishing between Arab and non-Arab Muslims.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What could non-Arabs now do?

A

They could hold political and military positions. They also began to intermarry with conquered people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What were Muslim leaders more concerned with instead of conquering new territories?

A

Maintaining their own land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What are Ulemas?

A

religious leaders who set public policy in the empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What are Qadis?

A

men who hear court cases and give verdicts based on the Quran.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: Where was the capital site moved to under the Abbasids?

A

Baghdad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: In Baghdad, the Abbasids were able to take control of traffic coming and going front the Tigris River as well as caravan routes. Which people were seen as ideal citizens instead of soldiers?

A

merchants, judges, and government officials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: During their rule, the control of the empire was relatively smooth. Who was the best known caliph of this time?

A

Harun “the Upright”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What was Harun “the Upright”‘s rule described as?

A

the Golden Age of the Abbasids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What did Harun “the Upright”’s son establish?

A

an astronomical observatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: The Caliphs became more royal. Instead of being pious (devoutly religious) spiritual leaders, what did they take on?

A

A majestic air and they ruled more like kings or emperors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What was a commonplace replacing the simplicity of original caliphs?

A

gold and jewels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: Because the caliphate became more “royal,” there was a greater bureaucracy. What council advised the Caliph?

A

a diwan

42
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What was at the head of this council (diwan)?

A

an individual who acted as a prime minister who was called a vizier.

43
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: Even though things looked peaceful on the outside, the issue of succession was never far away. Who fought for control of the empire after Harun “the Upright”’s death?

A

Harun’s two sons

44
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What did Harun “the Upright”’s sons destroy when fighting for control of the empire?

A

the capital city of Baghdad

45
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: What happened to caliphs?

A

They became mere figureheads, after important positions had been given away to friends, they had little power.

46
Q

Rise of the Abbasids: A person’s standing in society was no longer determined by their background or family ties. What was it now based on?

A

How pious (devoutly religious)/holy they were. Soon the full-blooded Bedouin individuals who had converted early in the movement considered themselves to be superior Muslims.

47
Q

Treatment of Women: Under old Arab law (prior to Islam), woman had hardy any rights at all: What could the father do?

A

Bury a girl alive if the family didn’t want her. The mother had no say in her child’s life.

48
Q

Treatment of Women: What were women sold into? What was this like on the men’s end?

A

Women were sold into marriage. Women had no say in the marriage, but men could cancel it anytime.

49
Q

Treatment of Women: What would happen if the husband were to die?

A

A female would rarely receive the property and in general property rights for women were limited.

50
Q

Treatment of Women: As Islam was introduced, equality for sought between genders. What was it like for women in the Umayyad era?

A

Women were more actively involved in politics, religions, and overall community life.

51
Q

Treatment of Women: What was it like for women as time went on?

A

Women started to be seen as possessions and were given a lower position in society.

52
Q

Relationship of Women and Husbands: How did marriages go? How young were girls when they got married?

A

Marriages were arranged. A girl could be married as early as 12 or 13.

53
Q

Relationship of Women and Husbands: What was accepted? Why?

A

Polygamy was accepted and a man could have as many as 4 wives as long as they were all treated well. Primarily only the very wealthy could afford to have several wives.

54
Q

Relationship of Women and Husbands: Why would polygamy (having multiple wives) be expensive?

A

Women couldn’t work outside the home.

55
Q

Veiling: What was this a mark of? What did it serve as?

A

It was the mark of a free woman that served as a distinguishing characteristic from slaves.

56
Q

Veiling: There are no direct statements/commandments in the Quran regarding veiling, but passages have been applied to suggest this happen. But what did Muslims believe?

A

Any exposed skin can cause others to sin.

57
Q

Herams/Purdah: What expectation for women was very harsh?

A

That women stay completely removed from society.

58
Q

Herams/Purdah: What did this expectation mean for married women?

A

That they would be shut off from the rest of the household.

59
Q

Trade and Commerce: What was much more acceptable for Muslims to do?

A

It was much more acceptable for Muslims to acquire wealth than for Christian’s. But only if they used it well. Because Muslims were acquiring wealth, trade increased.

60
Q

Trade and Commerce: Encouraging trade was in fact that the Quran spoke well of merchants. What was the result of this?

A

Farmers were looked down on.

61
Q

Trade and Commerce: What was another incentive to trade?

A

The Quran also did not discourage trade between Muslims and other “nonbelievers.”

62
Q

Trade and Commerce: As trade began to rise, what was there an emphasis on? What were the most prominent of these?

A

Large trade centers; Those at Baghdad and Cordoba

63
Q

(Trade and Commerce) Baghdad: What was this a crossroads for?

A

A great deal of traffic coming from Asia, India, Africa, and western Europe.

64
Q

(Trade and Commerce) Baghdad: What stories originated from this city’s setting?

A

The Arabian Nights in including stories like “Aladdin and His Lamp,” and “Sinbad the Sailor.”

65
Q

(Trade and Commerce) Cordoba: Located in southern Spain, this city was in competition with Baghdad for the cultural leadership of Islam. What was it known as?

A

The “ornament of the world,” with paved and lit streets.

66
Q

(Trade and Commerce) Cordoba: At its peek, what was its population? How many mosques were there? How many bath houses?

A

Nearly 1 million people; with 1,600 mosques and 900 bath houses. There were large advances in manufacturing and education as well.

67
Q

Education in Muslim Society: Education was held in a high position within Muslim society. What learning centers would people go to?

A

To learn more about Islam and education in general, people would go to the centers of learning or the madrasa. These educational hubs were especially popular in Egypt and Palestine. The madras also mainly found in larger urban centers.

68
Q

Education in Muslim Society: Who would often be responsible for paying teacher salaries?

A

Wealthy merchants would be responsible. They would give stipends to students, and would provide/pay for living places for students and teachers.

69
Q

Education in Muslim Society: What was their teacher called? Why was the selecting of this teacher so important?

A

Their teacher was called the Sheikh, and they would provide their students with an example of correct living. A student and father would try to select the best one because after graduating an indivisual’s reputation was more based on their teacher than the student’s own performance.

70
Q

Education in Muslim Society: In a young man’s education, he began in primary school. What was his first task? By what time would this usually happen?

A

to memorize the Quran, which would usually happen by the time he was 8 years old.

71
Q

Education in Muslim Society: By their teenage years, they were expected to have memorized another entire book. An individual was considered to be outstanding if they could memorize. What were students given at the end of their studies?

A

A note saying that he’s completed his studies.

72
Q

Muhammad: He was born in 570 A.D. and was a descendant of Ishamael (Abraham’s Son). What did he do in A.D. 610?

A

He went into a cave to pray and he heart a voice saying, “recite.” According to Muslin belief, when he opened his mouth to speak, his words did not come out, but the very words of god.

73
Q

Muhammad: Where did he become a fiery preacher?

A

In the markets of Mecca. He warned people to surrender to the will of one God.

74
Q

Muhammad: Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina because of persecution. What is this time known as?

A

This migration or fleeing is known as Hijra.

75
Q

Muhammad: As he established himself as a prominent business man, he continued to relay messages he received from God. When he died in A.D. 632, what happened?

A

His messages came to a halt, but his followers collected them into a book called the Quran.

76
Q

Muhammad: By the time he died, what had already happened to the people of Arabia?

A

They had either accepted the prophet and his revelations, or had been driven out from the region.

77
Q

Muhammad: After he had been dead for a century, what had the armies of this new faith created?

A

They had created a great empire. It stretched from Arabia east to India and west across North Africa to border Spain and France.

78
Q

Muhammad: How many Muslims are there today worldwide?

A

approximately 1 billion

79
Q

Muhammad: What is there still much debate on within the Islamic community?

A

What the true messages of Allah is.

80
Q

Arabs Before Islam: Most Arabs were nomads who herded sheep. What were these indivisuals called?

A

They were called Bedouin Arabs. They got their name from the Arabian Peninsula.

81
Q

Arabs Before Islam: For all Arabs, the basic unit was the tribe, which consisted of blood relatives through the male side. What would the tribe provide? What would it demand?

A

The tribe would provide protection, but it demanded complete loyalty. The tribe would have some sedentary members, and also some nomadic individuals too.

82
Q

Arabs Before Islam: For all Arabs, the basic unit was the tribe, which consisted of blood relatives through the male side. What would the tribe provide? What would it demand?

A

The tribe would provide protection, but it demanded complete loyalty. The tribe would have some sedentary members, and also some nomadic individuals too.

83
Q

Economics: Because they were on the move, nomads depended on what from cites? How did they pay for these things.

A

For cloth, metal products, and weapons. They were able to pay by offering animals, their milk, hides, and hair to merchants who desired these things.

84
Q

Arabs Before Islam: Nomads also made a decent amount of money serving as guides for travelers. What did this allow them to do?

A

This allowed them to not only make money from the trip, but also to steal from their customers.

85
Q

Muhammad’s Teachings: As Muhammad taught, he emphasized that he was not teaching a new message. Instead, how did he see himself? What did he provide?

A

As the most recent in a line of prophets that had included Jesus that all pointed to the same God. He provided a large switch from the old Arab system that had been tied together by tribes.

86
Q

Muhammad’s Teachings: What was now the connection that held people together and established their identity?

A

A spiritual one instead of a tribal one.

87
Q

Spread/Expansion of Islam: At the beginning, Muhammad’s dream of a growing belief took quite a while to get off the ground. What did Muhammad believe?

A

That there shouldn’t be class distinction and that men shouldn’t hard lots of money- everyone were bothers.

88
Q

Muhammad’s Teachings: What did he also preach? Who did this anger? Why?

A

He also preached for the destruction of idols at the Ka’aba, in Mecca, which angered a lot of merchants who saw this as a big money maker. It was at this point that Muhammad was driven out and ran to Medina.

89
Q

Muhammad’s New Community of Believers: What was this community called?

A

Ummah, which means “the community of the faithful,”

90
Q

Muhammad’s New Community of Believers: What did these believers do?

A

The Ummah would live together and fight together and overall continue to extend the growing mission of Islamic beliefs. The phrase “Ummah” is still used today to describe Muslims around the world that are faithful to the Quran ands the mission of Muhammad.

91
Q

Muhammad’s New Community of Believers: The Muslims were able to expand all the way to France in the west. But who stopped them?

A

They were stopped by Charles Martel in France. However, the religion did reach Spain in the southern part of Europe.

92
Q

Muhammad’s New Community of Believers: Muhammad believed himself to be what?

A

The final prophet. And that Jesus ansd Moses, along with other had only received partial visions of Allah.

93
Q

Muhammad’s New Community of Believers: Because Muhammad had lived (Muhammad believed that) now the revelation was complete and he would be the final revelation. What did he begin to refer to himself as?

A

The “seal of the prophets.” There would be no prophets after him.

94
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Religious Fervor/Belief in Jihad: EVen though this is not directly mentioned int he Quran, many Muslims have used this as a justification over the years- bringing God’s justice. What were they obligated to do?

A

To share/spread their religious belief and defend it, not just militarily, around the world.

95
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Religious Fervor/Belief in Jihad: What was the goal?

A

To ultimately achieve peace in the life to come if someone dies in battle they are guaranteed a place in paradise.

96
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Expansion: Why was expansion also a success?

A

Because of the great military organization that they had.

97
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Expansion: How were they able to attract a great deal of nomadic tribesmen?

A

By offering ready pay and opportunity to make a great deal of money after attacking their opponents.

98
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Economic Need: As the religion grew, there was a greater need to feed and provide for all of the people and this made it necessary to have the resources to to so. What were muslims more concerned with?

A

No the ethnicity of their believers, but more with the religious identity

99
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Economic Need: What two sections did Muslims divide the world into?

A

The House of Islam - everyone around the world that believed in Islam.
The House of War - those places and people that did not.

100
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Economic Need: What did Muslims believe about these two groups?

A

That there was a constant conflict raging between them until everyone became Muslim or was defeated.

101
Q

(3 Reasons for the Spread of Islam) Economic Need: After Muhammad died, a council of his closest ossociates met to decide who would lead the community. Who did they select? What did he do for a living? What did they establish him as?

A

They selected Abu Bakr, the father-in-law of Muhammad. He was a wealthy merchant in Medina. The people established him as the “Caliph” or Successor.

honors world history (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions