Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Surgery > Chapter 5: Intraoral radiographic imaging > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Intraoral radiographic imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic imaging consists of

A
  • Ionising radiation
  • Electromagnetic radiation: X-ray
  • X-ray machine: tube, cathode, anode
  • Factors controlling the radiographic imaging: ET, mA, kVp, distance tube-film. collimation, filtration
  • Projection geometry
  • X-ray machines in dentistry
  • Safety and protections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 categories of intraoral radiographic imaging?

A
  1. Periapical projection: all of the tooth and surrounding bone
  2. Bitewing projection: crowns of teeth and adjacent alveolar crest
  3. Occlusal projection: area of the teeth and bone are seen larger than in periapical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the criteria of quality?

A
  • Record the complete areas of interest
  • Reduce the amount of distortion
  • Optimal density and contrast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General steps of periapical projection

A
  • Prepare the unit: barriers for infection control
  • Seat the patient: in an upright position, remove glasses and removable appliances, drape the patient lead apron
  • Adjust the X-ray unit settings: kVp, mA, ET
  • Examine the oral cavity: estimate axial inclination (of the palate), tori, obstruction
  • Position: the tube head
  • Position the receptor: holding the device (film holder or patient holding it themselves)
  • Position of the X-ray tube: Align the aiming cylinder
  • Make the exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do we expect to get from the periapical X-ray?

A
  • Teeth
  • Periodontal areas
  • Surrounding bone
  • Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The primary goal of the periapical projection is to obtain as much field as possible. True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do we use the periapical X-ray for?

A
  • Assessment of the teeth and bone alterations
  • Study and location of bone areas
  • Implant assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we do to avoid overlapping?

A

We change the angulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Should we try to direct the X-ray parallel or perpendicular to the film?

A

Perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 common techniques of the periapical X-ray?

A
  1. Paralleling technique (other names: Mc-Cormack, right-angle, long-cone)
  2. Bisecting angle technique (other names: Dieck, Cieszynski, short-cone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the paralleling technique work?

A
  • The film is parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the X-ray beam is perpendicular to both of them
  • The X-ray receptor is supported parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the central ray of the X-ray beam is directed at right angles to the teeth and receptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Receptor holding instruments

A

Various brands: digital or film
External guiding rings: align the X-ray aiming cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paralleling technique procedure

A
  • Patient’s head: relaxed and leaning against the chair
  • Film: parallel to the long axis of the teeth (holding instruments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Principle of the paralleling technique

A

Long distance X-ray source-object in order to minimise the image magnification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Advantages of the paralleling technique

A
  • Less distortion
  • Higher resolution
  • Higher accuracy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Principle of the bisecting angle technique

A

2 triangles are equal when they share one complete side and have 2 equal angles (Cieszynski’s rule of isometry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What periapical technique requires a lot of anatomy knowledge?

A

Bisecting angle technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is more common the bisecting angle or the paralleling technique?

A

Bisecting angle technique

19
Q

How does the bisecting angle technique work?

A
  • The receptor is positioned on the lingual surface of the teeth resting in the palate or the floor of the mouth
  • The plane of the receptor and the long axis of the teeth form an angle
  • The X-ray beam is projected at a right angle to the bisecting line
  • An object and its image are the same length when the X-ray beam is perpendicular to the bisecting angle that forms between the film and the tooth axis
20
Q

What periapical technique is more simple?

A

The bisecting angle technique

21
Q

Does the angle in the bisecting technique depend on the patient?

A

Yes

22
Q

What periapical technique has a lower deformation?

A

The paralleling technique

23
Q

Position of the patient’s head in the bisecting technique

A
  • Comfortable, stable and leaning against the chair
  • For maxillary images: titles back slightly to compensate for the change of the occlusal plane when the mouth opens
  • For mandibular images: titled back slightly to compensate for the change of the occlusal plane when the mouth is open
24
Q

How is the receptor placed in the bisecting technique?

A
  • Behind the area of interest
  • The apical end against the mucosa on the lingual or palatal surface
  • Do not bend the film excessively (to avoid distortion)
  • Do not exceed the crown limits
25
Q

How can the film be supported? (periapical projection)

A
  • The patient holds the film with the opposite hand to the X-ray beam
  • With receptor holding instruments
26
Q

How should the patient hold the film for maxillary images?

A

With the thumb

27
Q

How should the patient hold the film for mandibular images?

A

With the index finger

28
Q

How should the angulation of the tube head be in the bisecting angle technique?

A

Perpendicular to the imaginary bisector formed between the tooth and the film axes

29
Q

Advantages of periapical projection

A
  • Non-complex technique
  • Low cost
  • Sharpness
30
Q

Disadvantages of periapical projection

A
  • Limited area
  • Bidimensional image
  • Overlapping
  • Ineffective in edentulism
31
Q

Why is the periapical technique ineffective in edentulous patients?

A

Because they cannot hold the film

32
Q

What can we see in the bitewing projection?

A
  • Inter-proximal area
  • Crowns and the alveolar crest
  • The inter-proximal caries
33
Q

Indications of the bitewing technique:

A
  • Occlusal and inter-proximal caries detection
  • Recurrent caries
  • Pulpal problems
  • Overflowing restorations
  • Fixed prosthesis adjustment
  • Enamel cementum junction (CEJ)
  • Alveolar crest
  • Inter-proximal calculus deposit
34
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned in the bitewing projection?

A

Occlusal plane parallel to the floor

35
Q

How is the receptor placed in the bitewing technique?

A
  • Do not bend it
  • Comfortable position lingual to the teeth to be examined
  • Bitewing between the occlusal surfaces
  • The posterior edge distal to the 2nd molar
36
Q

How are the vertical and horizontal angulations in the bisecting technique?

A

Vertical angulation: 5-10 degrees (palatal anatomy)
Horizontal angulation: perpendicular to the dental arch

37
Q

What intraoral technique has the largest receptor?

A

The occlusal projection technique: film or storage phosphor plates (7.7cm x 5.8cm)

38
Q

Where is the film supported in the occlusal projection?

A

Between the dental arches

39
Q

What intraoral projection is useful to avoid using more culex imaging techniques?

A

The occlusal projection

40
Q

Occlusal projection indications

A
  • Dental trauma in the anterior teeth
  • Mandible fracture
  • Foreign bodies
  • Impacted teeth
  • Cortical bone enlargement
  • Calculus on the Warthon’s duct
  • Assessment of the buccal or lingual position of the impacted teeth
41
Q

How should the X-ray beam be in the orthogonal projection?

A

Perpendicular to the film

42
Q

What are the 3 types of anatomy?

A
  • Descriptive
  • Topographical/surgical
  • Radio-graphical anatomy
43
Q

In what cases can we not do intraoral radiography?

A
  • Endutulous patients
  • Pregnant patient
  • Patients with gag reflex
  • Patients with mental and physical disabilities
  • Patients with infection and trauma (ex: trismus)

Oral Surgery (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions