Chapter 5 - Infection Control Flashcards
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees.
Regulates exposure to toxic substances.
Informs about the possible hazards of materials.
Addresses the handling, mixing, storing and disposing of products and general safety.
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
By the manufacturer product safety: names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, flammability, use procedures and precautions of overexposure, disposal, medical first aid information
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the U.S.
They do not grade disinfectants, it’s approved or not.
Disinfectant
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
Does not kill spores.
Against federal law to use product contrary to labeling.
Disease
Abnormal condition of all or part of the body that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
Clean
Mechanical process using soap and water to remove all visible dirt and debris and MANY disease causing germs
Disinfect/Sanitize
Process that destroys MOST harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.
Non porous
What qualities must a disinfectant have?
Bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal
Bacteria
One called microorganism that have both plant and animal characteristics.
Can only be seen with a microscope and can replicate on its own.
Pathogenic
Harmful microorganismo that can cause disease or infection when they invade the body
Non Pathogenic
Harmless organisms that perform useful functions. Make yogurt, cheese, medicine, breakdown food, protect from infection.
What are the three shapes/classifications of pathogenic bacteria?
Cocci - round
Bacilli - rods
Spirilla - spiral
Cocci
Round shaped appear singly or in groups
Rarely show motility
Staphylococci
Look like bunches of grapes (clusters)
Pus forming, cause abscesses and boils
Food Poisoning
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Pimple
Streptococci
String of beads (curved lines)
Pus forming cause strep throats and blood poisoning
Diplococci
Round pairs (balls)
Cause pneumonia
Bacilli
Short Rod shape
Most common
Cause lockjaw (tetanus), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Spirilla
Spiral/corkscrew
Sub categories:
treponema palladium - causes syphilis std
Borrelia burgdorferi - causes Lyme disease
Flagella
Move snake like
Hair like extensions
Cilia
Move rowing like
Decontamination
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious material of an items surface.
Porous and non porous
Decontamination : Method 1
Cleaning and disinfecting
Decontamination: Method 2
Cleaning and sterilization through autoclave with steam and pressure.
Sterilization
The process that destroys ALL microbial life including spores
Is hospital grade a term used to classify disinfectants?
No. A disinfectant is either EPA approved or not. EPA registers hospital disinfectants.
What are the two types of disinfectants?
Hospital and Tuberculocidal
Non Pourous
An item has no pores or openings to absorb liquids.
Disease
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, that make it incapable of carrying on normal function
Hospital Disinfectants
Effectively clean blood and body fluids on non porous surfaces
Tuberculocidal Disinfectant
Capable of killing the bacteria that causes tuberculosis, which is capable of forming spores making it difficult to kill
Infectious
Caused by pathogenic organisms or capable of being transmitted by infection
Efficacy
The effectiveness of a disinfectant product
Infection
The invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens
Four types of potentially harmful organisms…
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Infection Control
Method used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
What are the two types of bacteria?
Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic
Virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.
Only capable of replicating by taking over the host cell’s reproductive function
Which bacteria are capable of movement?
Bacilli and Spirilla
What is the division of a cell which forms daughter cells?
Binary Fission
Stages of bacterial life
Active (vegetative) - reproduction
Inactive (spore forming) - wax like shell
Pus
Fluid, sign of bacterial infection. Contains white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells
Two types of infection
Local and systemic
MRSA - Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Antibiotic resistant staph infection
