Chapter 5 Igneous Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

andesitic magma

A

Type of magma with a medium amount of silica content.

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2
Q

basaltic composition

A

a compositional group of igneous rocks indication that the rock contains substantial pyroxene and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar

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3
Q

basaltic magma

A

magma that has low viscosity and low silica and gas content; eruption is non-explosive

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4
Q

Bowen’s Reaction Series

A

sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma

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5
Q

continuous series

A

The branch of Bowen’s Reaction Series that comprise the plagioclase group of minerals in which reaction of early formed crystals with later liquids takes place without abrupt phase changes . (right side)

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6
Q

discontinuous series

A

olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite (left side)

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7
Q

extrusive igneous rock

A

rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth’s surface

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8
Q

Felsic

A

Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color.

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9
Q

fractional crystallization

A

process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma

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10
Q

granitic composition

A

igneous rocks composed of light colored silicates, also known as felsic

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11
Q

intermediate composition

A

a composistional group of igneous rocks that is between granitic and basaltic

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12
Q

intermediate magma

A

Rock with a chemical content between felsic and mafic compositions.

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13
Q

intrusive igneous rock

A

rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s surface

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14
Q

Kimberlite

A

rare, ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures.

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15
Q

Mafic

A

describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color

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16
Q

partial melting

A

The process by which most igneous rocks melt. Since individual minerals have different melting points, most igneous rocks melt over a temperature range of a few hundred degrees. If the liquid is squeezed out after some melting has occurred, a melt with a higher silica content results.

17
Q

pegmatite

A

vein deposits of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium

18
Q

Porphyry

A

large and small crystals due to a change in the cooling rate of the rock

19
Q

quartz

A

mineral that crystallizes last in Bowen’s reaction series. Will usually form in veins due to being “squeezed” between crystals

20
Q

Rhyolitic Magma

A

High silica, lots of gas, high viscosity, very explosive.

21
Q

silica

A

a material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon

22
Q

temperature, pressure, water content, mineral content

A

four factors that affect the formation of magma

23
Q

Ultramafic

A

Igneous rocks with low silica content and very high levels of magnesium and iron. Periodite, dunites, and doirite are examples.

24
Q

Vesicular igneous rocks

A

Rocks that cool very quickly and gas bubbles are trapped
Has a spongy, porous texture

25
Q

Viscosity

A

A liquid’s resistance to flowing

26
Q

zoned crystal

A

Sodium rich outer layers, calcium rich core