Chapter 5 Igneous Rocks Flashcards
andesitic magma
Type of magma with a medium amount of silica content.
basaltic composition
a compositional group of igneous rocks indication that the rock contains substantial pyroxene and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar
basaltic magma
magma that has low viscosity and low silica and gas content; eruption is non-explosive
Bowen’s Reaction Series
sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma
continuous series
The branch of Bowen’s Reaction Series that comprise the plagioclase group of minerals in which reaction of early formed crystals with later liquids takes place without abrupt phase changes . (right side)
discontinuous series
olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite (left side)
extrusive igneous rock
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth’s surface
Felsic
Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color.
fractional crystallization
process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma
granitic composition
igneous rocks composed of light colored silicates, also known as felsic
intermediate composition
a composistional group of igneous rocks that is between granitic and basaltic
intermediate magma
Rock with a chemical content between felsic and mafic compositions.
intrusive igneous rock
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s surface
Kimberlite
rare, ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures.
Mafic
describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color