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Physical Science > Chapter 5 Hydrosphere > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Hydrosphere Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define: hydrosphere

A

The sum of all the water on a planet

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2
Q

From most to least which of these has the most water?

Ground water, soil moisture, oceans, surface water, atmospheric moisture, and glaciers/icebergs.

A
  1. Oceans 97.25% (saltwater)
  2. Glaciers/icebergs 2.05% (freshwater)
  3. Groundwater .685% (freshwater)
  4. Surface water (not oceans) .009% (mostly freshwater)
  5. Soil moisture .005% (freshwater)
  6. Atmospheric moisture .001% (freshwater)
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3
Q

Define: Hydrologic cycle

A

The process by which water is continuously exchanged between earths various water sources

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4
Q

Define:Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from plants

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5
Q

Define: Condensation

A

The process by which gas turns into a liquid

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6
Q

Define: Precipitation

A

Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

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7
Q

Define: Distillation

A

Evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out the mixture’s individual components

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8
Q

What is residence time?

A

The average time a given particle will stay in a given system

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9
Q

From most to least name how long the residence time is in these things
Glacier, ocean ,atmosphere, soil moisture, groundwater, swamps, lakes, and rivers

A 
Oceans- 4,000 years
Glaciers/Icebergs- 1,000 years
Groundwater- 2 weeks-1,000 years 
Swamps- 1-10 years
Lakes- 10 years
Soil Moisture- 2 weeks - 1 year
Rivers- 2 weeks 
Atmosphere- 10 days
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10
Q

Define: Salinity

A

A measure of the mass of dissolved salt in a given mass of water

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11
Q

What’s in ocean water?

A

96.5% water
2.7% sodium chloride
.8% other salts

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12
Q

Suppose you are given a sample of water taken from somewhere in the earth’s hydrosphere
A. Would it be most likely be saktwater or freshwater.
B. if it is freshwater where did it most likely come from
C. If the person said it eas most likely a liquid source where did it come from

A

A. Saltwater
B. Glacier or Iceberg
C. Groundwater

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13
Q

Water that was originally in a ant ends up in a cloud. What 2 processes of the hydrologiccycle caused it to be transferred that way.

A

Transpiration and condensation

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14
Q

Rain that hits the land can travel as a liquid into a lake, river, stream, or ocean in two different ways wahat are they?

A

Surface runoff and groundwater flow

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15
Q

Suppose a scientist studies two groundwater sources the first is an unserwater rivernthat flows quickly into a large lake. The second is a large basin of underground water that moves at a much slower rate toward a small pond. Which groundwater source has the longest residence time

A

The second

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16
Q

If no energy is in the air, what happens to the temperature when the air expand

A

It gets chilly

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17
Q

Will fog be thicker in a smoky area o an area without smoke

A

Smoky air

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18
Q

What kind lf cooling is responsible for most cloud cooling

A

J

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19
Q

K

A

K

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20
Q

What kind of pollution is the hardest to get to its source

A

Thermal pollution

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21
Q

How can you make a hot box

A

Switch the pipes around

22
Q

Define: firn

A

A dence icy pack of old snow

23
Q

Define water table

A

the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated

24
Q

Define Perocolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

25
Q

Define adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

26
Q

Define cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborn particles upon which water vapor condences to form clouds

27
Q

How can you make a hot box

A

Switch the pipes around

28
Q

Define: firn

A

A dence icy pack of old snow

29
Q

Define water table

A

the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated

30
Q

Define Perocolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

31
Q

Define adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

32
Q

Define cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborn particles upon which water vapor condences to form clouds

33
Q

How can you make a hot box

A

Switch the pipes around

34
Q

Define: firn

A

A dence icy pack of old snow

35
Q

Define water table

A

the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated

36
Q

Define Perocolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

37
Q

Define adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

38
Q

Define cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborn particles upon which water vapor condences to form clouds

39
Q

How can you make a hot box

A

Switch the pipes around

40
Q

Define: firn

A

A dence icy pack of old snow

41
Q

Define water table

A

the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated

42
Q

Define Perocolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

43
Q

Define adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

44
Q

Define cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborn particles upon which water vapor condences to form clouds

45
Q

How can you make a hot box

A

Switch the pipes around

46
Q

Define: firn

A

A dence icy pack of old snow

47
Q

Define water table

A

the line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is non-saturated

48
Q

Define Perocolation

A

The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table

49
Q

Define adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy

50
Q

Define cloud condensation nuclei

A

Small airborn particles upon which water vapor condences to form clouds

Physical Science (7 decks)

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