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Health informatics > chapter 5 HSCI 4100 > Flashcards

chapter 5 HSCI 4100 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 key attributes of standards

A
  1. promote consistent naming of things that takes place in healthcare
  2. Enhance ability to transfer data among application = better system integration
  3. facilitate interoperability long information systems and users
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2
Q

What does the ISO stands for?

A

International Standard Organization

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3
Q

What does ISO do?

A

-independent, non-gov International org that brings together experts to :
1. share knowledge
2. develop voluntary consensus-based market relevant international standards.

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4
Q

standards help facilitate what?

A

Interoperability. It is made possible by the implantation of standards.

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5
Q

what does IEEE stand for

A

Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers

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6
Q

how does IEEE define interoperability?

A

-ability of a system to work with other systems without special effort on the part of the consumer

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7
Q

how does the National Committee on Vital and Health statistics define interoperability

A

-capability of different information systems and software applications to communicate and exchange data

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8
Q

HIMS defines interoperability as?

A

-ability of different informatics systems to access, exchange, integrate and cooperatively use data in a coordinated manner, within and across organizations
-provide timely portability of information and optimize the health of populations globally

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9
Q

levels of interoperability and examples

A

level 1-no interoperability ex: mail, fax, phone
level 2- machine-transportable (strucutural)- info can’t be manipulated ex: scanned doc and image
level 3-machine-organizable (syntactic)-sender and receiver understand vocab. ex: email
level 4-machine-interpretable (semantic) is structured messages with standardized and coded data. ex: lab, coded results from structured notes.

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10
Q

limitations of standard

A

-standards in industries are critical
-there are limitations to standards
-in healthcare we have many standards

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11
Q

Value of standards

A

-clinicians can enhance the quality of care they provide, improve operational efficiency and contribute to broader healthcare advancement
-improve patient care
-interoperability (enable systems to share info)

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12
Q

Other values of standards

A

-efficiency : reduces time clinicians spend on administrative tasks
-Research and publish health
-cybersecurity : adhering to data standard help protect sensitive patient info
-Error reduction: standardized data entry protocols minis errors

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13
Q

the stages for development of standards are

A

-identification
-conceptualization
-discussion
-specification
-early implementation
-conformance
-certification

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14
Q

types of standards

A

identifier
transaction
messaging
patient summary
imaging
terminology

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15
Q

HIPAA established and required unique identifiers for :

A

providers, employers, health plans and patients

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16
Q

what does NPI stand for?

A

National provider Identifier

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17
Q

what is NPI

A

assigned to all physicians in the US
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid will not process claims without the use of NPI

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18
Q

What does EIN stands for ?

A

Employer Identifier Number. all employers mush have one of those

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19
Q

what act requires health plans to have either a HPI (health plan identifier) or an OEID(other entity identifier) that is an identifier for use in transactions ?

A

Affordable Care Act

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20
Q

attributes of patient identifier

A

-single standardized
-unique
-non-disclosing of personal info
-permanent
-ubiquitous (everyone has one)
-canonical (each person can only have one)
-invariable (will not change over time)

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21
Q

benefits of patient identifiers

A

-easy linkage of records
-reduce problems of both duplicate and overlaid records

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22
Q

disadvantage of patient identifiers

A

compromise privacy and confidentiality for the patient
-there is not adopted standard to identify patients

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23
Q

what is a duplicate record

A

-occurs when more than one record exists for a patient

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24
Q

what is overlaid record

A

more than one patient is mapped to the same record

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25
Q

who introduced the MATCH IT ACT of 2024

A

-US House of Representatives Mike Kelly (R-PA) and Bill Foster (D-IL)

26
Q

what is the goal of MATCH IT ACT of 2024

A

-address problem of patient misidentification
-create an industry standard definition for the “patient match rate”.
-improve standardization of patient demographic elements entered into EHRs.

27
Q

who mandated the use of transaction standards for healthcare business electronic data exchange

A

HIPAA.

28
Q

what does EDI stands for ?

A

healthcare business electronic data exchange

29
Q

EDI was mandated under

A

administrative simplification

30
Q

what is ASC X12N?

A

developed to encourage electronic commerce of health claims. They reduce what was 400 different formats btw insurance companies and others for healthcare transactions

31
Q

What is a messaging standard for exchanging clinical and administrative data between healthcare applications from various vendors

A

HL7- it is the org that develops and supports standards and is properly called HL7 international

32
Q

how is HL7 version 2 different from the 1st version?

A

is it mostly syntax, the sender and receiver must understand the meaning of the messages

33
Q

the format of HL7 version 2 messaging standard

A

each message has segments, each segments has 3 character identifier and then values that follow it

34
Q

HL7 version 2 message segments identifiers are:

A

-MSH (message header)
-EVN (event type)
-PID (patient identifier)
-OBR (results header)
-OBX (result details)

35
Q

what is HL7 version 3

A

an attempt to introduce semantics into messaging

36
Q

all clinical, administrative financial, activities of healthcare can be expressed in…

A

constraints

37
Q

what does FHIR stand for ?

A

Fast Health Interoperability Resources

38
Q

was a new robust interoperability is FHIR was established due to the widespread adoption of EHR

A

emerged as the leading candidate for interoperability, HL7 international too over its development

39
Q

6 types of FHIR resources

A

-clinical
-identification
-workflow
-financial
-conformance
-infrastructure

40
Q

the need to exchange patient summaries led to the development of

A

Continuity of Care Record (CCR)

41
Q

CCR was to be….

A

a set of basic patient information consisting of the most relevant and timely facts about a patient’s condition

42
Q

what went wrong with CCR?

A

the original was not compatible with any existing standards, which led to HL7 and several vendors to create the continuity of care document (CCD)

43
Q

what are the required data set for CCD (continuity of care document)

A

-header, purpose, problems, procedures
-family and social history
-payers
-advance directives
-alerts
-medication
-immunization
-medical equipment
-vital signs
-functional status
-results
-encounters
-plan of care

44
Q

what does CDA stand for ?

A

Clinical Document Architecture

45
Q

why is CDA important ?

A

because most health care information is in the form of doc and these are used to allow humans to read them

46
Q

the CDA is an XML-based markup standard intended to

A

specify the encoding, structure and semantics of clinical documents for exchange

47
Q

what’s imaging standards ?

A

we need to move image data from devices that capture the data into record so that they can be viewed

48
Q

what does DICOM stand for and what was the purpose?

A

digital imaging and communication
standard intended for the transport of images
-was developed by the American College of Radiology and the National Electrical manufactures association

49
Q

terminology standards are important for

A

establishing reliable terms for transfer and use of data through the computer

50
Q

the benefit of computerization of clinical data to a consistent and reliable form

A

to carry out tasks such as aggregation of patient data, clinical decision support and clinical research.

51
Q

what’s International Classification of disease (ICD) and who published it ?

A

classification system to collect data worldwide on the causes of morbidity and mortality
-published by WHO

52
Q

what’s the difference between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM?

A

the number of diagnostic codes is alot more in the 10.
-In the 10, the hospital systems could report procedures on inpatients
-in the 10 provides extensive expansion and significantly more specification than 9

53
Q

what does DRGs and what’s the purpose?

A

Diagnostic Related Groups
-categorize multiple different types of diseases that are in the same general body area and require the same amount of resources.

54
Q

DRGs were originally developed to aggregate ICD-9 codes into

A

groups that could be used for health services research to look at hospital costs

55
Q

all hospitalizations are classified by their DRG and that determines

A

the reimbursement that hospitals receive for the hospitalization

56
Q

what’s RxNorm

A

recommended standard for medication vocabulary for clinical drugs and drug delivery devices developed by the National Library of Medicine.

57
Q

that’s the standard for e-prescribing ?

A

RxNorm

58
Q

RxNorm encapsulates other drug coding system such as

A

National Drug code (NDC)

59
Q

what does LOINC mean

A

Logical observations: identifiers, names and codes

60
Q

what’s LOINC

A

standard for the electronic exchange of lab results transmitted to hospitals, clinical and payers

61
Q

what’s SNOMED (systematized Nomenclature of medicine )

A

clinical terminology or medical vocabulary commonly used in EHRs.
-covers disease, a more convenient way to index and retrieve medical information
-the vocab provides more clinical than ICD and is felt to be more appropriate for EHRs.

Health informatics (2 decks)

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