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MIDTERM: PARASITOLOGY > Chapter 5: Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Class of hemoflagellates

A

Zoomastigophora

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2
Q

4 morphologic forms of hemoflagellates

A

1) Amastigote (Leishmanial form)
2) Promastigote (Leptomonad)
3) Epimastigote (Crithidia)
4) Trypomastigote (Trypanosomal)

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3
Q

Lacks flagellum

A

Amastigote

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4
Q

1) found in the vectors

2) have a flagellum

A

Promastigote

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5
Q

Short condulating membrane

A

Epimastigote

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6
Q

1) longer condulating membrane
2) kinetoplast is posteriorly to the nucleus
3) have C or S shape
4) found in blood

A

Trypomastigote

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7
Q

Hemoflagellates belongs to what GENERA?
A. Leishmania
B. Trypanosoma
C. Both

A

C. Both

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8
Q

Transmission of all hemoflagellates is via

A

Bite of an arthropod vector

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9
Q

4 tissue flagellates in Leishmania spp. complex

A

1) Leishmania braziliensis
2) Leishmania donovani
3) Leishmania mexicana
4) Leishmania tropica

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10
Q

What is the basal body structure of Amastigote

A

Blepharoplast

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11
Q

1) the dotlike blepharoplast gives rise to and is attached to an?
2) extends to the edge of the organism

A

Axoneme

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12
Q

An umbrella term often used to refer to the blepharoplast and a small parabasal body

A

Kinetoplast

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13
Q

Its large single nucleus is typically located off-center, and sometimes present more toward the edge of the organism

A

Amastigote

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14
Q

1) its large single nucleus is located in or near the center of the long slender body.

A

Promastigote

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15
Q

T or F: In PROMASTIGOTE and EPIMASTIGOTE, the kinetoplast is located in the ANTERIOR end of the organism

A

True.

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16
Q

The body is slightly wider than that of the promastigote?

A

Epimastigote

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17
Q

T or F: In EPIMASTIGOTE, the large single nucleus is located in the POSTERIOR end of the organism

A

True

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18
Q

An undulating membrane, measuring half the body length, forms into a free flagellum at the anterior end of the ________.

A

Epimastigote

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19
Q

What are the 3 assumed shapes of a Trypomastigote

A

C, U and S

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20
Q

1) Its kinetoplast is POSTERIORLY located from which emerged a full body length undulating membrane
2) the single large nucleus is located ANTERIOR to the kinetoplast
3) an anterior free flagellum may or may not be present

A

Trypomastigote

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21
Q

These are two morphologic forms routinely found in the human specimens

A

1) Amastigote

2) Trypomastigote

22
Q

Amastigote is found primarily in what areas of our body? (3)

A

1) tissue
2) muscle
3) CNS (central nervous system)

23
Q

A morphologic form wherein they reproduce and are visible in the peripheral blood

A

Trypomastigote

24
Q

The PROMASTIGOTE STAGE may be seen only if: (2)

A

1) blood sample is collected immediately after transmission into a healthy individual
2) appropriate sample is cultured

25
Q

Morphologic form found primarily in the arthropod vector

A

Epimastigote

26
Q 
This is the only hemoflagellate morphologic form that does not have an external flagellum?
A. Trypomastigote 
B. Amastigote 
C. Promastigote 
D. Epimastigote
A

B. Amastigote

27
Q

T or F: hemoflagellates are typically found in stool samples?

A

False. It’s either tissue or blood

28
Q

Disease caused by the hemoflagellate genus Leishmania

A

Leishmaniasis

29
Q

General term describing parasitic infection of the blood, into new environments, finding new host organisms and new vectors

A

Parasitemias

30
Q

Associated disease and conditions in Leishmania braziliensis

A

1) Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
2) chiclero ulcer
3) espundia
4) forest yaws (aka pian bois)
5) uta

31
Q

Leishmania braziliensis is also called

A

New world leishmaniasis

32
Q

Leishmania braziliensis patients have this kind of nose

A

Tapir nose

33
Q

They are responsible for transmitting the promastigotes of the species of the Leishmania braziliensis

A

Sandflies (Lutzumyia and Phlebotomus spp.)

*african region

34
Q

What are the diagnostic and infective stage for Leishmania braziliensis

A

Diagnostic stage: Amastigote

Infective stage: Promastigote

35
Q

Leishmania braziliensis complex is composed of and found in?

A

1) L. braziliensis (Mexico and Argentina)
2) L. panamensis (Panama and Columbia)
3) L. peruviana (Peruvian Andes)
4) L. guyanensis (Guiana, parts of Brazil and Venezuela

36
Q

What is used for the diagnosis of Leishmania braziliensis:

A

Needle aspirations

Punch/wedge biopsy

37
Q

Culture used in Leishmania mexicana

A

Novey-McNeal-Nicolle (NNN)

38
Q

Intradermal/screening test used in Leishmania spp.

A

Dr. Montenegro Skin Test

39
Q

Leishmania donovani is also called

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

40
Q

Symptoms for L. donovani are

A

1) kala-azar

2) dum dum fever

41
Q

This means black fever

A

Kala-azar

42
Q

The best stain used for Leishmania

A

Giemsa-stain

43
Q

Serologic testing used in L. donovani

A

1) IFA (Indirect fluorescent antibody)
2) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
3) DAT (direct agglutination test)

44
Q

T or F: Specific sandfly spp responsible for L. donovani transmission vary with each of the 3 subspecies

A

True.

45
Q

Epidemiology for L. donovani

A

1) L. donovani (India, Pakistan, Thailand, parts of Africa and the Peoples Republic of China)
2) L. infantum (Mediterranean area, Europe, Africa, the Near East and parts of the former Soviet Union)
3) L. chagasi (Central and South America)

46
Q

Symptom in L. donovani wherein there is an enlargement of the liver and spleen

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

47
Q

Incubation period for L. donovani

A

2 weeks - 18 months

48
Q

1) advanced stage of disease result in kidney damage for L. donovani
2) inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

A

Glomerulonephritis

49
Q

T or F: L. donovani is capable of being transmitted person to person via blood transfusion

A

True

50
Q

Leishmania mexicana is also called

A

New world cutaneous leishmaniasis

51
Q

Subphylum of hemoflagellates

A

Mastigophora

MIDTERM: PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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