Chapter 5: Hemoflagellates

Question 1

Class of hemoflagellates

Answer 1

Zoomastigophora

Question 2

4 morphologic forms of hemoflagellates

Answer 2

1) Amastigote (Leishmanial form)
2) Promastigote (Leptomonad)
3) Epimastigote (Crithidia)
4) Trypomastigote (Trypanosomal)

Question 3

Lacks flagellum

Answer 3

Amastigote

Question 4

1) found in the vectors

2) have a flagellum

Answer 4

Promastigote

Question 5

Short condulating membrane

Answer 5

Epimastigote

Question 6

1) longer condulating membrane
2) kinetoplast is posteriorly to the nucleus
3) have C or S shape
4) found in blood

Answer 6

Trypomastigote

Question 7

Hemoflagellates belongs to what GENERA?
A. Leishmania
B. Trypanosoma
C. Both

Answer 7

C. Both

Question 8

Transmission of all hemoflagellates is via

Answer 8

Bite of an arthropod vector

Question 9

4 tissue flagellates in Leishmania spp. complex

Answer 9

1) Leishmania braziliensis
2) Leishmania donovani
3) Leishmania mexicana
4) Leishmania tropica

Question 10

What is the basal body structure of Amastigote

Answer 10

Blepharoplast

Question 11

1) the dotlike blepharoplast gives rise to and is attached to an?
2) extends to the edge of the organism

Answer 11

Axoneme

Question 12

An umbrella term often used to refer to the blepharoplast and a small parabasal body

Answer 12

Kinetoplast

Question 13

Its large single nucleus is typically located off-center, and sometimes present more toward the edge of the organism

Answer 13

Amastigote

Question 14

1) its large single nucleus is located in or near the center of the long slender body.

Answer 14

Promastigote

Question 15

T or F: In PROMASTIGOTE and EPIMASTIGOTE, the kinetoplast is located in the ANTERIOR end of the organism

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

The body is slightly wider than that of the promastigote?

Answer 16

Epimastigote

Question 17

T or F: In EPIMASTIGOTE, the large single nucleus is located in the POSTERIOR end of the organism

Answer 17

True

Question 18

An undulating membrane, measuring half the body length, forms into a free flagellum at the anterior end of the ________.

Answer 18

Epimastigote

Question 19

What are the 3 assumed shapes of a Trypomastigote

Answer 19

C, U and S

Question 20

1) Its kinetoplast is POSTERIORLY located from which emerged a full body length undulating membrane
2) the single large nucleus is located ANTERIOR to the kinetoplast
3) an anterior free flagellum may or may not be present

Answer 20

Trypomastigote

Question 21

These are two morphologic forms routinely found in the human specimens

Answer 21

1) Amastigote

2) Trypomastigote

Question 22

Amastigote is found primarily in what areas of our body? (3)

Answer 22

1) tissue
2) muscle
3) CNS (central nervous system)

Question 23

A morphologic form wherein they reproduce and are visible in the peripheral blood

Answer 23

Trypomastigote

Question 24

The PROMASTIGOTE STAGE may be seen only if: (2)

Answer 24

1) blood sample is collected immediately after transmission into a healthy individual
2) appropriate sample is cultured

Question 25

Morphologic form found primarily in the arthropod vector

Answer 25

Epimastigote

Question 26

``` This is the only hemoflagellate morphologic form that does not have an external flagellum? A. Trypomastigote B. Amastigote C. Promastigote D. Epimastigote ```

Answer 26

B. Amastigote

Question 27

T or F: hemoflagellates are typically found in stool samples?

Answer 27

False. It's either tissue or blood

Question 28

Disease caused by the hemoflagellate genus Leishmania

Answer 28

Leishmaniasis

Question 29

General term describing parasitic infection of the blood, into new environments, finding new host organisms and new vectors

Answer 29

Parasitemias

Question 30

Associated disease and conditions in Leishmania braziliensis

Answer 30

1) Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2) chiclero ulcer 3) espundia 4) forest yaws (aka pian bois) 5) uta

Question 31

Leishmania braziliensis is also called

Answer 31

New world leishmaniasis

Question 32

Leishmania braziliensis patients have this kind of nose

Answer 32

Tapir nose

Question 33

They are responsible for transmitting the promastigotes of the species of the Leishmania braziliensis

Answer 33

Sandflies (Lutzumyia and Phlebotomus spp.) | *african region

Question 34

What are the diagnostic and infective stage for Leishmania braziliensis

Answer 34

Diagnostic stage: Amastigote | Infective stage: Promastigote

Question 35

Leishmania braziliensis complex is composed of and found in?

Answer 35

1) L. braziliensis (Mexico and Argentina) 2) L. panamensis (Panama and Columbia) 3) L. peruviana (Peruvian Andes) 4) L. guyanensis (Guiana, parts of Brazil and Venezuela

Question 36

What is used for the diagnosis of Leishmania braziliensis:

Answer 36

Needle aspirations | Punch/wedge biopsy

Question 37

Culture used in Leishmania mexicana

Answer 37

Novey-McNeal-Nicolle (NNN)

Question 38

Intradermal/screening test used in Leishmania spp.

Answer 38

Dr. Montenegro Skin Test

Question 39

Leishmania donovani is also called

Answer 39

Visceral leishmaniasis

Question 40

Symptoms for L. donovani are

Answer 40

1) kala-azar | 2) dum dum fever

Question 41

This means black fever

Answer 41

Kala-azar

Question 42

The best stain used for Leishmania

Answer 42

Giemsa-stain

Question 43

Serologic testing used in L. donovani

Answer 43

1) IFA (Indirect fluorescent antibody) 2) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 3) DAT (direct agglutination test)

Question 44

T or F: Specific sandfly spp responsible for L. donovani transmission vary with each of the 3 subspecies

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

Epidemiology for L. donovani

Answer 45

1) L. donovani (India, Pakistan, Thailand, parts of Africa and the Peoples Republic of China) 2) L. infantum (Mediterranean area, Europe, Africa, the Near East and parts of the former Soviet Union) 3) L. chagasi (Central and South America)

Question 46

Symptom in L. donovani wherein there is an enlargement of the liver and spleen

Answer 46

Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 47

Incubation period for L. donovani

Answer 47

2 weeks - 18 months

Question 48

1) advanced stage of disease result in kidney damage for L. donovani 2) inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Answer 48

Glomerulonephritis

Question 49

T or F: L. donovani is capable of being transmitted person to person via blood transfusion

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Leishmania mexicana is also called

Answer 50

New world cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 51

Subphylum of hemoflagellates

Answer 51

Mastigophora