Chapter 5: Hemoflagellates Flashcards
Class of hemoflagellates
Zoomastigophora
4 morphologic forms of hemoflagellates
1) Amastigote (Leishmanial form)
2) Promastigote (Leptomonad)
3) Epimastigote (Crithidia)
4) Trypomastigote (Trypanosomal)
Lacks flagellum
Amastigote
1) found in the vectors
2) have a flagellum
Promastigote
Short condulating membrane
Epimastigote
1) longer condulating membrane
2) kinetoplast is posteriorly to the nucleus
3) have C or S shape
4) found in blood
Trypomastigote
Hemoflagellates belongs to what GENERA?
A. Leishmania
B. Trypanosoma
C. Both
C. Both
Transmission of all hemoflagellates is via
Bite of an arthropod vector
4 tissue flagellates in Leishmania spp. complex
1) Leishmania braziliensis
2) Leishmania donovani
3) Leishmania mexicana
4) Leishmania tropica
What is the basal body structure of Amastigote
Blepharoplast
1) the dotlike blepharoplast gives rise to and is attached to an?
2) extends to the edge of the organism
Axoneme
An umbrella term often used to refer to the blepharoplast and a small parabasal body
Kinetoplast
Its large single nucleus is typically located off-center, and sometimes present more toward the edge of the organism
Amastigote
1) its large single nucleus is located in or near the center of the long slender body.
Promastigote
T or F: In PROMASTIGOTE and EPIMASTIGOTE, the kinetoplast is located in the ANTERIOR end of the organism
True.
The body is slightly wider than that of the promastigote?
Epimastigote
T or F: In EPIMASTIGOTE, the large single nucleus is located in the POSTERIOR end of the organism
True
An undulating membrane, measuring half the body length, forms into a free flagellum at the anterior end of the ________.
Epimastigote
What are the 3 assumed shapes of a Trypomastigote
C, U and S
1) Its kinetoplast is POSTERIORLY located from which emerged a full body length undulating membrane
2) the single large nucleus is located ANTERIOR to the kinetoplast
3) an anterior free flagellum may or may not be present
Trypomastigote
These are two morphologic forms routinely found in the human specimens
1) Amastigote
2) Trypomastigote
Amastigote is found primarily in what areas of our body? (3)
1) tissue
2) muscle
3) CNS (central nervous system)
A morphologic form wherein they reproduce and are visible in the peripheral blood
Trypomastigote
The PROMASTIGOTE STAGE may be seen only if: (2)
1) blood sample is collected immediately after transmission into a healthy individual
2) appropriate sample is cultured
Morphologic form found primarily in the arthropod vector
Epimastigote
This is the only hemoflagellate morphologic form that does not have an external flagellum? A. Trypomastigote B. Amastigote C. Promastigote D. Epimastigote
B. Amastigote
T or F: hemoflagellates are typically found in stool samples?
False. It’s either tissue or blood
Disease caused by the hemoflagellate genus Leishmania
Leishmaniasis
General term describing parasitic infection of the blood, into new environments, finding new host organisms and new vectors
Parasitemias
Associated disease and conditions in Leishmania braziliensis
1) Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
2) chiclero ulcer
3) espundia
4) forest yaws (aka pian bois)
5) uta
Leishmania braziliensis is also called
New world leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis patients have this kind of nose
Tapir nose
They are responsible for transmitting the promastigotes of the species of the Leishmania braziliensis
Sandflies (Lutzumyia and Phlebotomus spp.)
*african region
What are the diagnostic and infective stage for Leishmania braziliensis
Diagnostic stage: Amastigote
Infective stage: Promastigote
Leishmania braziliensis complex is composed of and found in?
1) L. braziliensis (Mexico and Argentina)
2) L. panamensis (Panama and Columbia)
3) L. peruviana (Peruvian Andes)
4) L. guyanensis (Guiana, parts of Brazil and Venezuela
What is used for the diagnosis of Leishmania braziliensis:
Needle aspirations
Punch/wedge biopsy
Culture used in Leishmania mexicana
Novey-McNeal-Nicolle (NNN)
Intradermal/screening test used in Leishmania spp.
Dr. Montenegro Skin Test
Leishmania donovani is also called
Visceral leishmaniasis
Symptoms for L. donovani are
1) kala-azar
2) dum dum fever
This means black fever
Kala-azar
The best stain used for Leishmania
Giemsa-stain
Serologic testing used in L. donovani
1) IFA (Indirect fluorescent antibody)
2) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
3) DAT (direct agglutination test)
T or F: Specific sandfly spp responsible for L. donovani transmission vary with each of the 3 subspecies
True.
Epidemiology for L. donovani
1) L. donovani (India, Pakistan, Thailand, parts of Africa and the Peoples Republic of China)
2) L. infantum (Mediterranean area, Europe, Africa, the Near East and parts of the former Soviet Union)
3) L. chagasi (Central and South America)
Symptom in L. donovani wherein there is an enlargement of the liver and spleen
Hepatosplenomegaly
Incubation period for L. donovani
2 weeks - 18 months
1) advanced stage of disease result in kidney damage for L. donovani
2) inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
Glomerulonephritis
T or F: L. donovani is capable of being transmitted person to person via blood transfusion
True
Leishmania mexicana is also called
New world cutaneous leishmaniasis
Subphylum of hemoflagellates
Mastigophora
