Chapter 5-Formulae and Equations Flashcards
When naming a compound of a metal and non-metal, what changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’?
The non-metal changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’ e.g. sulphur becomes sulphide.
What is a radical?
A group of atoms combined together
What does a radical ending in ‘ate’ contain?
Oxygen
What does hydroxide contain?
Hydrogen and oxygen
Which elements are diatomic?
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
What is valency?
The combining power of elements to form a compound (number of hooks)
What is the valency of group 1?
1
What is the valency of group 2?
2
What is the valency of group 3?
3
What is the valency of group 4?
4
What is the valency of group 5?
3
What is the valency of group 6?
2
What is the valency of group 7?
1
What is the valency of group 0 (8)?
0
What is the valency of all transition metals except silver?
2 (silver has a valency of 1)
If the valency of the transition metals varies, what is used?
Roman numerals are used to tell you the valency
What is the formula and valency of carbonate?
Formula: CO3
Valency: 2
What is the formula and valency of sulphate?
Formula: SO4
Valency: 2
What is the formula and valency of nitrate?
Formula: NO3
Valency: 1
What is the formula and valency of hydroxide?
Formula: OH
Valency: 1
What is the formula and valency of ammonium?
Formula: NH4
Valency: 1
What is the formula and valency of phosphate?
Formula: PO4
Valency: 3
Give the formulae of the following acids:
Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
H2SO4
HCl
HNO3
Give the formulae of the following oxides: Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Sulphur dioxide Sulphur trioxide
CO
CO2
SO2
SO3
What is the formula of ammonia?
NH3
What are the big numbers written in front of formulae called?
Coefficients
What are the smaller numbers written slightly lower on the line called?
Subscripts
What is the difference between coefficients and subscripts?
Coefficients represent separate atoms whereas subscripts mean that the atoms are joined together in a molecule.
E.g. 2Cl = 2 separate chlorine atoms
Cl2= 2 chlorine atoms joined together
What does a small, subscript number in a formula only apply to?
It only applies to the atom immediately before it in the formula.
If there are brackets in a formula, what does the subscript outside the bracket refer to?
Everything inside the bracket
E.g. Ca (OH)2 = 1 calcium, 2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen
Fill in the blanks:
Atoms are not ______ or _______ in chemical reactions.
created, destroyed
Why must there be the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation?
Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
What is the state symbol for a solid?
s
What is the state symbol for a liquid?
l
What is the state symbol for a gas?
g
What is the state symbol for aqueous solutions?
aq
What is an aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is formed when something is dissolved in water.
What is the physical state of all acids?
aqueous solution (aq)
Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and
metal hydroxide.
acid + metal hydroxide —> salt and water
Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal oxide.
acid + metal oxide —> salt + water
Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal.
acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen
Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal carbonate.
acid + metal carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Give the equation for the general reaction between metal 1 salt 1 and metal 2 salt 2.
metal 1 salt 1 + metal 2 salt 2 —> metal 2 salt 1 + metal 1 salt 2
