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Chemistry > Chapter 5-Formulae and Equations > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Formulae and Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

When naming a compound of a metal and non-metal, what changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’?

A

The non-metal changes the last part of its name to ‘ide’ e.g. sulphur becomes sulphide.

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2
Q

What is a radical?

A

A group of atoms combined together

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3
Q

What does a radical ending in ‘ate’ contain?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

What does hydroxide contain?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

Which elements are diatomic?

A

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

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6
Q

What is valency?

A

The combining power of elements to form a compound (number of hooks)

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7
Q

What is the valency of group 1?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the valency of group 2?

A

2

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9
Q

What is the valency of group 3?

A

3

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10
Q

What is the valency of group 4?

A

4

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11
Q

What is the valency of group 5?

A

3

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12
Q

What is the valency of group 6?

A

2

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13
Q

What is the valency of group 7?

A

1

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14
Q

What is the valency of group 0 (8)?

A

0

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15
Q

What is the valency of all transition metals except silver?

A

2 (silver has a valency of 1)

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16
Q

If the valency of the transition metals varies, what is used?

A

Roman numerals are used to tell you the valency

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17
Q

What is the formula and valency of carbonate?

A

Formula: CO3
Valency: 2

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18
Q

What is the formula and valency of sulphate?

A

Formula: SO4
Valency: 2

19
Q

What is the formula and valency of nitrate?

A

Formula: NO3
Valency: 1

20
Q

What is the formula and valency of hydroxide?

A

Formula: OH
Valency: 1

21
Q

What is the formula and valency of ammonium?

A

Formula: NH4
Valency: 1

22
Q

What is the formula and valency of phosphate?

A

Formula: PO4
Valency: 3

23
Q

Give the formulae of the following acids:
Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid

A

H2SO4
HCl
HNO3

24
Q 
Give the formulae of the following oxides:
Carbon monoxide 
Carbon dioxide 
Sulphur dioxide 
Sulphur trioxide
A

CO
CO2
SO2
SO3

25
Q

What is the formula of ammonia?

A

NH3

26
Q

What are the big numbers written in front of formulae called?

A

Coefficients

27
Q

What are the smaller numbers written slightly lower on the line called?

A

Subscripts

28
Q

What is the difference between coefficients and subscripts?

A

Coefficients represent separate atoms whereas subscripts mean that the atoms are joined together in a molecule.
E.g. 2Cl = 2 separate chlorine atoms
Cl2= 2 chlorine atoms joined together

29
Q

What does a small, subscript number in a formula only apply to?

A

It only applies to the atom immediately before it in the formula.

30
Q

If there are brackets in a formula, what does the subscript outside the bracket refer to?

A

Everything inside the bracket

E.g. Ca (OH)2 = 1 calcium, 2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen

31
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Atoms are not ______ or _______ in chemical reactions.

A

created, destroyed

32
Q

Why must there be the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation?

A

Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

33
Q

What is the state symbol for a solid?

A

s

34
Q

What is the state symbol for a liquid?

A

l

35
Q

What is the state symbol for a gas?

A

g

36
Q

What is the state symbol for aqueous solutions?

A

aq

37
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

An aqueous solution is formed when something is dissolved in water.

38
Q

What is the physical state of all acids?

A

aqueous solution (aq)

39
Q

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and
metal hydroxide.

A

acid + metal hydroxide —> salt and water

40
Q

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal oxide.

A

acid + metal oxide —> salt + water

41
Q

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal.

A

acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

42
Q

Give the equation for the general reaction between an acid and metal carbonate.

A

acid + metal carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

43
Q

Give the equation for the general reaction between metal 1 salt 1 and metal 2 salt 2.

A

metal 1 salt 1 + metal 2 salt 2 —> metal 2 salt 1 + metal 1 salt 2

Chemistry (10 decks)

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