Chapter 5 Flight Instruments Flashcards
Atmospheric pressure ___ with a gain in altitude.
Decreases
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected?
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator
In addition to the airspeed indicator, two additional instruments also refer static air pressure to function:
Veer tidal speed indicator, altimeter
Which instrument(s) will read incorrectly or become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?
Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed
Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?
Airspeed indicator
The white arc of the airspeed indicator represents the airplane’s flap operating range. The beginning or low-speed end of the white are is the ___ stall speed in the landing configuration ( I.e. with flaps fully extended and gear down). It’s is called ___.
Power-off, Vso
Vso is defined as the …
Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration
The high-speed end of the airspeed indicator’s white arc is called the ___ speed, or ___
Maximum flap extended, Vfe
Vs1 is defined as the …
stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in a specified configuration
Which V speed represents maximum flap extended speed?
Vfe
Vno is defined as the…
Maximum structural cruising speed
Which V-speed represents the maximum structural cruising speed?
Vno
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?
Never-exceed speed
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?
Maneuvering speed
Which V-speed represents the maneuvering speed?
Va
Which V-speed represents the maximum landing gear extended speed?
Vle
Which V-speed represents the maximum landing gear operating speed?
Vlo
The number showing on the airspeed indicator is the ___
Indicated airspeed
Calibrated airspeed is ___ airspeed corrected for ___ or ___ errors.
Indicated, installation, position
Airplanes flying at higher altitudes actually move ___ through the air for a given power setting because of the ___ in density.
faster, decrease
As altitude increases and the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will…
Remain the same regardless of altitude
When making an approach at a high altitude airport, you should:
approach at a normal indicated speed
Two atmospheric factors that affect air density, which in turn affects true airspeed, are; ___ and ___.
pressure, temperature
What is true altitude?
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level
What is absolute altitude?
The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.
An altimeter works by measuring the difference between sea level ___ and pressure at the airplane’s present ___
Pressure, altitude
Whatever pressure value you set in the Kollsman window, the altimeter assumes this is the new ___ pressure. Now the altimeter measures the difference between the pressure value set in the Kollsman window and the ___ pressure to obtain your height above sea level.
Sea level, outside static
Prior to takeoff, the altimeter should be set to which altitude or altimeter setting?
The current local altimeter setting, if available, or the departure airport elevation.
The altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates…
true altitude at field elevation
What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points?
Unequal heating of the earth’s surface
Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?
When at sea level under standard conditions
If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs?
700-foot increase in altitude
If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96, what is the approximate change in indication?
Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower
If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate…
lower than the actual altitude above sea level
If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate…
higher than the actual altitude above sea level
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude?
In colder than standard air temps
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?
Air Temperature warmer than standard
How do variations in temp affect the altimeter?
Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude
As you progress along your route of flight you should update your altimeter setting to the nearest source within ___ nautical miles of your position.
100
If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter?
The elevation of the departure area
Which of the following is an example of a time where you might use pressure altitude?
When using an airplane’s performance chart
What is pressure altitude?
The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.
Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?
When standard atmospheric conditions exist
When you set a barometric pressure value of 29.92 into the Kollsman window, the altimeter…
reads pressure altitude
If it is necessary to change the setting int eh altimeter’s Kollsman window from 29.00 to 29.85, what change occurs?
850 foot increase in indicated altitude
If it is necessary to change the setting in the altimeter’s Kollsman window from 30.30 to 30.00, what change occurs.
300 foot decrease in indicated altitude
If it is necessary to change the setting int he altimeter’s Kollsman window from 29.35 to 29.85, what change occurs?
500 foot increase in indicated altitude
When true altitude and pressure altitude are equal, what conditions exist?
Standard atmospheric conditions.
Pressure altitude is the height above a ___, which is nothing more than a fancy phrase for ___ reference point. This reference point is what the engineer’s altimeter would have read if temperature and pressure at sea level were 59°F and 29.92” Hg.
Standard datum plane, an imaginary
The VSI’s needle swings upward or downward reflecting the airplane’s rate of climb or descent. The VSI is calibrated to read in ___
feet per minute
A plugged static port will prevent any static air pressure change, causing the altimeter to freeze at its last indication and the VSI to read ___, regardless of altitude change.
Zero
If the primary static source becomes plugged, the ___ can be opened. The ___ now become the alternate source of static air pressure.
Alternate static source, cabin
The attitude indicator helps you determine the airplane’s ___ and ___ condition.
Pitch, bank
The attitude indicator’s symbolic wings are attached to the instrument’s case, while the airplane ___ about a horizon card that’s attached to a stabilized gyro.
Rotates
How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated in question 76?
By the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflected horizon bar.
The attitude indicator shows…
bank and pitch
The attitude indicator is able to display the airplane’s attitude because of a gyroscopic principle known as…
Rigidity in space
Most light airplane attitude gyros are powered by a ___ pump
vacuum
The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the …
the miniature airplane to the horizon bar.
To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be…
periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.
The heading indicator must be periodically reset to a known heading because of something known as …
Gyroscopic drift
If you’re instructed to turn to a particular heading, simply look for the number on the instrument and turn in the ___ direct toward it.
shortest
The turn coordinator is actually a ___ instrument that provides information on your airplane’s direction of ___ , rate of heading change and whether the airplane is ___ or ___ in the turns.
gyro, roll, slipping, skidding
Unlike the spinning gyros int he attitude indicator and the heading indicator, the turn coordinator’s gyro is usually spun by …
electricity
The turn coordinator’s gyro is electrically powered to keep at least one gyro instrument operating during a rare failure of the airplane’s ___
vacuum pump
Even though it may appear to, the turn coordinator doesn’t show ___ angle. Don’t be fooled by this. Only direction of ___ and ___ are derivable from the turn coordinator.
Bank, roll or yaw, rate of turn
A turn coordinator provides an indication of the ___
Movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axes.
A magnetic compass responds to that phenomenon of the earth’s magnetic pole, otherwise known as its…
magnetic dip
One side of the needle is called the ___ and it always points towards the earth’s magnetic north pole.
North-seeking end
Just like skis following dipping terrain, the magnetic compass needle wants to tilt downward with the magnetic field. This is called …
magnetic dip
In the northern hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when…
the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.
In the northern hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate…
correctly when on a north or south heading
In the northern hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally initially indicate a turn toward the east if…
a left turn is entered from a north heading
In the northern hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally initially indicate a turn toward the west if…
a right turn is entered from a north heading
During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate?
In straight-and-level unaccelerated flight
