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1413 Exam 1 > Chapter 5- Evidence Based Practice > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Evidence Based Practice Flashcards

1
Q

EBP

A

Evidence-Based Practice

Make effective, timely, and appropriate clinical decisions in response to the broad political, professional, and societal forces

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2
Q

Steps of Evidence Based Practice

A

7 Steps:

  1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
  2. Ask a clinical question in PICOT format
  3. Search for the most relevant and best evidence
  4. Critically appraise the evidence you gather
  5. Integrate all Evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values
  6. Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions, or changes using evidence
  7. Share the outcomes of EBP changes with others
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3
Q

PICOT

A 
P: Patient Population of Interest 
I: Intervention of Interest 
C: Comparison 
I: Outcome 
T:Time 
Example: 
Do patients (P) who listen to music (I) achieve better control of their anxiety and pain (O) after surgery (T) when compared with patients who receive standard nursing care following surgery (C)
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4
Q

Peer reviewed

A

Article is reviewed for accuracy, validity, and rigor and approved for publication by experts before it is published

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5
Q

Clinical guidelines

A

Systematically developed statements about a plan of care for a specific set of clinical guidelines involving a specific patient population

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6
Q

Meta-analysis

A

The researcher uses statistics to show the effect of an intervention on an outcome

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7
Q

Systematic review

A

No statistics are used to draw conclusions about the evidence

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8
Q

RCT

A

Randomized control trials

Gold standard for research

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9
Q

Evidence-based articles

Abstract

A

Brief summary that quickly tells you if the article is research or clinically based

Summarizes the purpose of the article

Includes major themes or findings

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10
Q

Evidence-based Articles

Introduction

A

More information about the purpose of the article.

Usually brief supporting evidence as to why the topic is important

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11
Q

Evidence-based Articles

Literature review or background

A

Detailed background

Offers an argument

Section is very valuable

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12
Q

Manuscript Narrative

A

“Middle Section” or narrative

Describes a clinical topic (includes a description of a patient population, the nature of a certain disease or health alteration, how patients are affected, and the appropriate nursing therapies)

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13
Q

Subjection

Purpose Statement

A

Explains the focus or intent of a study

Research questions (hypotheses) 
Predictions made about the relationship or differences among study variables (concepts, characteristics, or traits that vary within or among subjects)
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14
Q

Methods or Designs

A

Explains how a research study was organized and conducted to answer the research question or test the hypothesis

Explains the type of study that was conducted and the amount of subjects of people who participated

Method section is sometimes confusing

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15
Q

Results or Conclusions

A

Clinical and research articles have a summary section

Author explains the clinical implications for the topic presented

Details the results of the study and explains whether a hypothesis is supported or how a research question is answered

Includes a statistical analysis if it is a quantitive research study

Qualitative study summarizes the descriptive themes and ideas that arise from the researcher’s analysis of data

Discusses limitations, information on limitations is valuable

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16
Q

Clinical Implications

A

Includes a section that explains if the findings from the study have clinical implications.

Explains how to apply findings in a practice setting

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17
Q

Performance Improvement (PI)

A

A pilot study is a small-scale research study if one that includes a quality

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18
Q

Nursing Research

A

Way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and using nursing and health care resources effectively

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19
Q

Scientific Method

A

Is the foundation of research and the most reliable and objective of all methods of gaining knowledge

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20
Q

Quantitative Nursing Research

A

Offers precise measurement and quantification.

Precise, systematic, objective examination of specific concepts

Focuses on numerical data, statistical analysis, controls to eliminate bias findings

21
Q

Quantitative Research

Experimental research

A

RCT

Random assign to to either a control or treatment group

Treatment group receives the experimental intervention

Control group receives usual standard of care

Controlled trials without randomization are studies that test interventions

22
Q

Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Research

A

Descriptive studies describe, explain, or predict phenomena

Case control study is one in which researchers study one group of subjects with a certain condition as the same time as another group of subjects who do not have the condition

Determines if there is an associated between one or more predictor values and the condition

Conducted retrospectively, or after the fact

Involves a small number of subjects, creating s risk of bias

23
Q

Quantitative Research

Nonexperimental Research

Correctional

A

Studies describe the relationship between two variables

Determines if two variables are correlated or associated with some another and to what extent

24
Q

Quantitative Research

Surveys

A

Are common

Obtain information regarding frequency,distribution, and interrelation if variables among subjects in one study

Obtain information about practices, perceptions, educations, experience, opinions, and other characteristics of people

Most basic function is description

Gathers large amount of data to describe the population and the topic of study

Important that the population sampled is large enough to keep sampling error at a minimum

25
Q

Quantitative Research

Evaluation Research

A

Determines how well a program, practice, procedure, or policy is working

Example: outcomes research

Determines why a program or some components of the program are successful or unsuccessful

26
Q

Types of Research

Historical Research

A

Studies designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events

Example: study examining the societal factors that led to the acceptance of advanced practice nurses by patients

27
Q

Types of Research

Exploratory Research

A

Initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena (facts or events) or to develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena

Example: pilot study testing the benefits of a new exercise program for older adults with dementia

28
Q

Types of Research

Evaluation Research

A

Study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working

Example: study measuring the outcomes of an information campaign designed to improve parents’ ability to follow immunization schedules for their children

29
Q

Types of Research

Descriptive Research

A

Study that measures characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur

Example: study to examine RN’s biases toward caring for obese patients

30
Q

Types of Research

Experimental Research

A

Study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable

Example: RCT comparing chlorhexidine with Betadine in reducing the incidence of IV-site phlebitis

31
Q

Types of Research

Correlational Research

A

Study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

Example: study examining the relationship between RN’s educational levels and their satisfaction in the nursing role

32
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Research Question

A

Will an educational program for patients at risk for diabetes compared with a traditional educational pamphlet improve parent’s blood glucose level and weight control

33
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Subjects

A

130 adult patients with risk factors for diabetes who visit a local medicine clinic

34
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Randomization

A

Patients are randomly assigned to one of two groups using random-numbers table

35
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Treatment Group

A

65 patients attend an 8-hour class on diabetes prevention, with group discussion, lecture, and interactive computer program use

36
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Control Group

A

65 patients receive a printed pamphlet outlining risks for diabetes and health promotion strategies

37
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Outcome Measure

A

Both groups have blood glucose levels and weight measured before receiving education and every month for 3 months after receiving education

38
Q

Example of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Analysis

A

Statistical tests comparing the blood glucose levels and weight for the two groups will demonstrate if the treatment group shows significant improvements in blood glucose levels and weight as predicted

39
Q

Qualitative Research

A

Study of phenomena that are difficult to quantify or categorize such as patients’ perceptions of illness or quality of life

Information obtained in a nonnumeric form

Aim to understand patients’ experiences with health problems

Findings are in depth because patients are usually very descriptive

Inductive reasoning

The discovery and understanding of important behavioral characteristics or phenomena

Ethnography, phenomenology, and ground theory

40
Q

Research Process

A

Orderly series of steps that allow a researcher to move from asking the question for finding the answer

41
Q

Informed Consent

A

Research subjects are given full and complete information about the purpose of a study, procedures, data collection, potential harm and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment

Are capable of fully understanding the research and implications of participation

Have the power of free choice to voluntarily consent or decline participation in the research

Understand how the researcher maintains confidentiality or anonymity

42
Q

Confidentiality

A

Guarantees that any information a subject provides will not be reported in any matter that identifies the subject and will not be accessible to people outside the research team

43
Q

Assessment

A

Identify area of interest or clinical problem

Review literature

Formulate theoretical framework

Reflect on personal practice and/or discuss clinical issues with experts to better define the problem

44
Q

Diagnosis

A

Develop research question(s)/hypotheses

45
Q

Planning

A

Determine how study will be conducted :

  • Select research design/methodology
  • identify plan to recruit sample, taking into consideration population, number, and assignment to groups
  • Identify study variables: specific interventions (independent variable) and outcomes (dependent variables).
  • Select data collection method
  • Select approach for measuring outcomes: questionnaires, surveys, physiological measures, interviews, observations.
  • Formulate plan to analyze data: statistical methods to answer research questions/hypotheses
46
Q

Implementation

A

Conduct the study:

  • Obtain necessary approvals
  • Recruit and enroll subjects
  • Implement the study protocol/collect data
47
Q

Evaluation

A

Analyze results of the study:

  • Continually analyze study methodology. Is study consistently carried out ? Are all investigators follow study protocol?
  • Interpret demographics of study population
  • Analyze data to answer each research question/hypothesis
  • Interpret results, including conclusions, limitations

Use of the findings:

  • Formulate recommendations for further research
  • Determine implications for nursing
  • Disseminate the findings: presentations, publications, need for further study, how to apply findings in practice
48
Q

Problem-focused Trigger

A

One you face while caring for a patient or a trend you see on a nursing unit

Example: patients following abdominal surgery he wonders, “if we changed our patients’ activity levels after surgery, would they experience fewer episodes of postoperative ileus?”

Include the increasing number of patient falls or incidence of urinary tract infections on a nursing unit. Such trends lead you to ask, “How can I reduce falls in my unit?” Or “What is the best way to prevent urinary tract infections on post operations patients?”

49
Q

Knowledge-Focused Triggered Question

A

Question regarding new information available on a topic

Example:
What current evidence exists to improve pain management in patients with migraine headaches?

1413 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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